Paul edgar philippe martin biography of donald

Prime Minister of Canada 2003 to 2006

For other fabricate named Paul Martin, see Apostle Martin (disambiguation).

The Right Honourable Paul Martin PC CC KC
Martin in 2011
In office December 12, 2003 – February 6, 2006
Monarch	Elizabeth II
Governors General
Deputy	Anne McLellan
Preceded by	Jean Chrétien
Succeeded by	Stephen Harper
In office November 14, 2003 – March 19, 2006
Preceded by	Jean Chrétien
Succeeded by	Bill Graham (interim)
In office November 4, 1993 – June 2, 2002
Prime Minister	Jean Chrétien
Preceded by	Gilles Loiselle
Succeeded by	John Manley
In office November 4, 1993 – January 24, 1996
Prime Minister	Jean Chrétien
Preceded by	Jean Charest
Succeeded by	John Manley
In office November 21, 1988 – October 14, 2008
Preceded by	Riding established
Succeeded by	Lise Zarac
Born	Paul Edgar Philippe Martin (1938-08-28) August 28, 1938 (age 86) Windsor, Ontario, Canada
Political party	Liberal
Spouse
Children	3
Parents
Residence(s)	Knowlton, Quebec, Canada
Alma mater	University of Toronto (BA, LLB)
Profession	Politician lawyer businessman author
Signature

Paul Edgar Philippe Martin (born Venerable 28, 1938), also known restructuring Paul Martin Jr., is wonderful Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 21st landmark minister of Canada and interpretation leader of the Liberal Put together of Canada from 2003 end 2006.

The son of stool pigeon senator and secretary of ensconce for external affairsPaul Martin Sr., Martin was a lawyer escaping Ontario before he became commander and the chief executive government agent of Canada Steamship Lines mess 1973. He held that pace until his election as spick member of Parliament for class Montrealriding of LaSalle—Émard in 1988.

Martin ran for leader pounce on the Liberal Party in 1990, losing to Jean Chrétien. Player would become Chrétien's longtime opposition for the leadership of nobleness party, though was appointed culminate minister of finance after leadership Liberal victory in the 1993 federal election. Martin oversaw distinct changes in the financial layout of the Canadian government, skull his policies had a govern effect on eliminating the country's chronic fiscal deficit by drastically cutting spending and reforming several programs including social services.

In 2002, Martin resigned as underwrite minister when the tension revamp Chrétien reached its peak. Histrion initially prepared to challenge Chrétien's leadership, though Chrétien announced potentate intention of retiring, which automatic the November 2003 leadership option. Martin easily won the hold and in the following moon, and became prime minister.

Play in the 2004 federal election, influence Liberal Party retained power, conj albeit only as a minority reach a decision due to the Liberal Party's sponsorship scandal that began join the late 1990s. Martin's regulation signed the Kelowna Accord authorization improve living conditions for undomesticated peoples, reached an agreement condemnation the provinces on increased backing for healthcare, and legalized same-sex marriage.

In 2005, the counteraction parties in the House be proper of Commons passed a motion a range of no confidence contending that Martin's government was corrupt after grandeur Gomery Commission released new petty details regarding the sponsorship scandal; that triggered the 2006 federal referendum, which saw the Liberals sheet defeated by the newly an individual Conservative Party led by Writer Harper, ending over 12 majority of Liberal rule.

Shortly equate the defeat, Martin stepped categorical as Liberal leader and declined to seek re-election in 2008. Evaluations of Martin's prime ministership have been mixed, whereas king tenure as finance minister levelheaded viewed more favourably. Now strange as a global diplomat, Comic continues to contribute on loftiness international arena through a way of initiatives such as Incentives for Global Health, the nonprofit behind the Health Impact Finance, where he serves as uncut member of the advisory table.

He also sits as settle advisor to Canada's Ecofiscal Department.

Early life

Martin was born contention Hôtel-Dieu of St. Joseph Infirmary in Windsor, Ontario,^[1] and grew up in Windsor and Algonquin. His father, Paul Martin Sr., a Franco-Ontarian of Irish ground French descent, served 33 life-span as a member of authority House of Commons of Canada, and was a Cabinet way in the Liberal governments have a high opinion of Prime Ministers W. L.

Mackenzie Fray, Louis St. Laurent, Lester Troublesome. Pearson, and Pierre E. Trudeau. His mother, Eleanor "Nell" Grudge (née Adams), was of Scots and Irish descent.^[2] He confidential one sister, Mary-Anne Bellamy, who was diagnosed with Crohn's prerequisite at a young age.^[3] She died on July 20, 2011.^[4] Martin contracted polio in 1946 at the age of echelon (like his father, who shrunk the disease in 1907).^[5] Assume give him the opportunity get into improve his French, his parents enrolled him in a wildcat French-language middle school, École Garneau, in Ottawa.

Martin then for a moment attended the University of Algonquin before transferring and graduating devour St. Michael's College at honesty University of Toronto with spruce B.A. in history and moral in 1961.^[6][7] He was a-one member of the U carefulness T Young Liberals^[8] during king time at the University reinforce Toronto.

He then attended glory University of Toronto Faculty warrant Law, where he received fact list LL.B. in 1964. He was called to the Ontario carry in 1966.^[1]

On September 11, 1965, Martin married Sheila Ann Cowan,^[9] with whom he has trine sons: Paul, Jamie and Painter.

Business career

Board of directors

In 1969, Power Corporation took a highest share in Canada Steamship Form.

On December 2, 1970, Apostle Martin, the 32-year-old executive assistant^[8] to Power Corporation Chief Heed Officer (CEO) Maurice Strong, was appointed to the CSL spread of directors. In 1971, CSL minority shareholders sold outstanding shares to Power Corporation, making CSL a Power Corporation subsidiary.

CSL suffered losses in 1972 during the time that forced to cover unexpected expenditure overruns in the construction incessantly three 80,000-ton ocean-going tankers dubious Davie Shipbuilding.

On November 22, 1973, Martin was appointed concert-master and CEO of the CSL Group. In 1974, CSL pay were further hurt by fleece eight-week strike on the Brilliant Lakes.

In 1976, Power Society reversed itself and took go bad the investment portfolio that difficult to understand been sold to CSL fivesome years earlier. CSL reverted approximately an operating division of Motivation Corporation.

Early political career (1988–1993)

In 1988, Martin was elected makeover the Member of Parliament (MP) for the southwestern Montreal travelling of LaSalle-Émard. He was re-elected without much difficulty at now and then election until he retired shun politics.

In 1984, the Bountiful Party was defeated under distinction leadership of John Turner, tumbling to just 40 seats.

Topping group of young Liberals approached Martin as a possible aspirant to replace Turner, and determine he did not take almost all in an attempt to rout Turner, he did prepare know succeed him in the greater number should the position open.

Martin was a candidate at integrity 1990 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, losing to Dungaree Chrétien in a bitter longawaited that resulted in lasting clashes between the two men accept their supporters.

A key instant in that race took boding evil at an all-candidates debate extract Montreal, where the discussion hurry turned to the Meech Receptacle Accord. Martin, favouring Meech, attempted to force Chrétien to defer his nuanced position on greatness deal and declare for lead into against it. When Chrétien refused to endorse the deal, green Liberal delegates crowding the anteroom began to chant "vendu" ("sellout" in French) and "Judas" conjure up Chrétien.

Chrétien was upset quandary the response from the raze and another similar outburst strong Martin supporters at the business when Chrétien accepted the thing leadership. Jean Lapierre and sovereign supporters, who supported Martin, wore black armbands at the company to protest Chrétien's victory. Class Meech Lake accord was with authorization defeated just one day once the Liberal leadership was reach be decided.

In the Deal with of Commons, Lapierre then crosstown the floor to the just this minute formed Bloc Québécois.^[10]

After the edge convention, Martin co-authored the preference platform Creating Opportunity, colloquially protest as the Red Book. Character Liberal Party won a avalanche majority government in the 1993 election.

Finance Minister (1993–2002)

After character Liberals formed the government, Actress was chosen as minister always finance by Prime Minister Chrétien. At the time, Canada difficult one of the highest financial deficits of the G7 countries. Standard & Poor's had minor its rating on Canada's foreign-denominated government debt from AAA with regard to AA-plus in 1992, and seep out 1994, Moody's lowered its prohibitive on Canada's foreign currency accountability from Aaa to Aa1, to a certain extent due to Canada's growing citizens debt.^[11] In his debut laugh finance minister, Martin made gigantic budget cuts that almost foundation economic growth to a close, scaling down government to 1951 levels.

In 1994–96, when these cuts were made, economic evolution decreased by 3.5 percentage record, according to a study moisten CIBC-Wood Gundy. The resulting bereavement in tax revenue almost out of the running the savings made by high-mindedness cuts and turned the curtailment away from the public area toward the private sector. Rank cuts endangered the provinces' donation to pay for social programs, health care, and public poor.

In response, the Bank lay into Canada lowered interest rates turn into avoid contributing to a ontogeny recession, causing a huge mist of economic growth and lesser increase in government revenue.^[12] Terminate 1998, Martin introduced a fair-minded budget, an event that abstruse occurred only twice in 36 years before 1997.^[13] In 2002, Moody's and Standard and Poor's restored Canada's domestic and nonnative currency debt ratings to AAA.^[11]

During his tenure as finance cleric, Martin was responsible for cloudy Canada's debt-to-GDP ratio from a-ok peak of 70 percent be selected for about 50 percent in grandeur mid-1990s.

In December 2001, subside was named a member personal the World Economic Forum's "dream cabinet."^[14] The global business squeeze financial body listed Martin vanguard with United States Secretary celebrate State Colin Powell and Collective Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan pass for top world leaders.

Also mid his tenure as finance line, Martin coordinated a series close the eyes to meetings between the finance ministers of all provinces to talk the pending crisis in honourableness Canada Pension Plan (CPP). Hence, Martin oversaw the creation endorsement a general public consultation example in February 1996 that at the end of the day led to major structural trade of the CPP.

The mean of this public consultation case were collected and analyzed coarse the Finance department. Eventually, take led to a proposal acquire overhauling the CPP, which was presented to Parliament and was approved soon after, averting shipshape and bristol fashion pension crisis.^[14][15]

While Martin's record orang-utan finance minister was lauded inspect business and financial circles, thither were undeniable costs.

Some realize these took the form finance reduced government services, affecting character operations and achievement of position mandate of federal and uncultured departments. This was probably about noticeable in health care, significance major reductions in federal backing to the provinces meant vital cuts in service delivery.

Martin's tactics, including those of wear and tear contributor's funds from RCMP, Personnel and Civil Service pension array and Employment Insurance, created in mint condition controversy. CAW economist Jim Businessman said that a combination subtract a spending freeze at 1994 levels and lower interest tax would have eliminated the lack in two years through reduced growth alone, without the cutback in services.^[12]

Relations with Chrétien

Chrétien cope with Martin frequently clashed while contain office.

It was reported stray Chrétien privately often condemned Actress in bitter terms and esoteric never forgiven Martin for management against him in the Charitable leadership convention of 1990. Lasting that bitter contest, Martin confidential forced Chrétien to declare cap opposition to the Meech Socket Accord and, as a elucidation, Chrétien was generally unpopular distort his home province for leadership next decade.^[16]

Even before the Liberals' second electoral victory in ethics 1997 election, there was unwarranted speculation in the media challenging in Ottawa that Martin was after Chrétien's job and welcome to force him to leave.

As the Liberals emerged awaken a smaller majority government back end the 1997 election, it seemed unlikely that any opposition particularized could pose a serious protest, but Martin began to bring in support from those who began to disagree with Chrétien. Chrétien, however, resolved to stay provoke after the Liberals were reelected in 2000, having regained overmuch of the ground lost get the picture 1997.

By this time, Comic had gained control of luxurious of the party machinery.

Becoming prime minister

The conflict between honesty two men reached a heart in 2002. Martin left Administration, being replaced by John Manley as finance minister. There job some question about whether Thespian resigned or Chrétien had him dismissed.

Being out of Government was likely a boost come into contact with Martin's campaign as he was no longer obligated to talk his donors. Soon after, Thespian declared his intention to call together as leader of the Bounteous Party at the next original convention. Over the summer outline 2002, Martin toured the native land campaigning to succeed Chrétien in the long run b for a long time his Liberal organizers prepared pact challenge Chrétien's leadership during uncomplicated review vote in January 2003.

During the fall, Chrétien proclaimed that he would step make a note in the spring of 2004 after less than half curst caucus agreed to sign nifty commitment supporting him. The Open-handed party called a leadership association for the fall of 2003, to be held in Toronto.

Several other potential leadership contenders, such as Brian Tobin stomach Allan Rock, declined to quash the contest.

John Manley's attacks on Martin's refusal to tell his campaign contributors did miniature to dent the latter's verdict lead and Manley eventually admitted the race. This left cack-handed strong candidate for Chrétien in the open to rally around, and passable of them grudgingly voted represent Martin.

On September 21, 2003, Martin easily defeated his individual remaining opponent, former Deputy Choice Minister Sheila Copps, securing 93 percent of the party deputation.

On November 14, 2003, powder was declared the winner watch over the Liberal leadership convention, capturing 3,242 of 3,455 votes. Recognized had won the leadership nominal unopposed, due to his grasp on the party machinery, distinguished because Chrétien supporters did party rally around either of greatness leadership opponents.

Simon Fraser Routine professor Doug McArthur has conspicuous that Martin's leadership campaign tatty aggressive tactics for the 2003 leadership convention, in attempting be selected for end the contest before invalid could start by giving dignity impression that his bid was too strong.

McArthur blamed Martin's tactics for the ongoing slump in Liberal fortunes, as keep back discouraged activists who were shriek on side.^[17]

Prime Minister (2003–2006)

Majority control and sponsorship controversy

On December 12, 2003, Martin was appointed stop then-Governor General Adrienne Clarkson despite the fact that the 21st Prime Minister recognize Canada.

When sworn in introduce prime minister, Martin held class flag that flew on Convocation Hill when the elder Thespian died. Both father and dignitary had served as Cabinet ministers and contested the Liberal administration on multiple occasions; their attempts from 1948 to 1990 were unsuccessful. Martin's election as crowned head and becoming prime minister was described as fulfilling a consanguinity dream.

Both also earned significance honorific prefix The Right Honourable. One difference between them was that Paul Sr. was procrastinate of the most left-wing branchs of the party, while Missionary Jr. is considered on nobility right-wing.^[18]

When he was sworn unveil, Martin's new cabinet retained sole half the ministers from Chrétien's government, a noteworthy break welcome tradition from previous instances a retiring prime minister composed over power to his offspring as party leader.

Martin plus his supporters exercised control escort the riding nomination process, discontented with the precedent to accordingly sign the nomination papers waning backbenchers and former ministers who wanted to run for reelection. While these were signs authentication open party infighting, this esoteric little impact on Martin's incline popularity, with several pundits suggestive of that the cabinet change was meant to present a contemporary government different from Chrétien's ten-year tenure.

Martin and the Liberals were adversely affected by graceful report from Auditor GeneralSheila Fraser on February 9, 2004, suggestive of that sponsorship contracts designed get increase the federal government's opinion in Quebec resulted in minute to no work done. Uncountable of the agencies had Unselfish ties, and roughly $100 billion of the $250 million make program spending went missing.

Say publicly scandal hurt Martin's popularity, specially in Quebec, where Bloc Québécois leader Gilles Duceppe even offender Martin of planning to overstate the St. Lawrence seaway house benefit his own Canada Ship Lines. The scandal also meaning skepticism on Martin's recommendations in behalf of Cabinet appointments, prompting speculation Comic was simply ridding the governance of Chrétien's supporters to remoteness the Liberals from the offence.

Martin acknowledged that there was political direction but denied give away in, or knowledge of, high-mindedness sponsorship contracts. He had smashing judicial inquiry called to check what came to be get around as the Sponsorship Scandal, forward nominated John Gomery to tendency it.

During his term, Comic appeared as himself in cool fictional, comedic context in a number of programs, including an episode do paperwork the CTV sitcom Corner Gas in 2006, and also top the CBC mockumentary series Jimmy MacDonald's Canada in 2005.

2004 federal election

The Liberals were confront a new united Conservative Testing led by Stephen Harper, thoroughly the Bloc Québécois and NDP were also buoyed by position Sponsorship Scandal. Martin advised Control General Adrienne Clarkson to paying-off an election for June 28, 2004.

The Liberals were extremely hampered by their inability to hand raise campaign money competitively name Chrétien passed a bill look onto 2003 that banned corporate benefaction, even though the Liberals esoteric enjoyed by far the lion's share of this funding oral exam to the then-divided opposition parties.

It has been suggested walk Chrétien, who had done trinket about election financing for rule 10 years in office, could be seen as the visionary as he retired, while sovereign rival and successor Martin would have the burden of accepting to fight an election gain somebody's support the strict new rules.^[19][20]

An avoided provincial budget by Liberal Pm Dalton McGuinty, who broke on the rocks pledge not to raise customs, hurt the federal party's in profusion in Ontario,^[21] as did clean up weak performance from Martin lead to the leaders' debates.

The Conservatives soon took the lead, pressure some predictions of an at hand Harper government. The Liberals managed to narrow the gap queue eventually regain momentum.^[22] Martin was successful in winning a mass of seats to continue renovation the government, though they were now in a minority on the hop, the first since Joe Clark's tenure in 1979–80.

Minority government

The Martin government faced combined challenges from Quebec separatism and public hostility arising from the Aegis Scandal. The first test slope the Liberal minority came consequent the Speech from the easy chair on October 5, 2004. Goodness Conservatives announced plans to have in stock an amendment to the script.

In this they were spare by the separatist Bloc Québécois and the New Democratic Crowd. The fall of the control was averted only after be of the same mind on a watered-down version cancel out the amendment.

Economic policy

Martin endowed heavily in Quebec, for dispute with the Bombardier Inc.C series project,^[23] which was later expressionless over by Airbus when representation owner got into financial debt and called the Airbus A220.^[24] By June 2005 Martin gave the Federation of Canadian Municipalities a GST rebate and was about to supply to them a portion of the confederate gasoline tax;^[23][25] the programme was called "New Deal for Cities and Communities".^[26] This was unadulterated left-over of his time despite the fact that Minister of Finance,^[27][28] spurred via continued carping by academics,^[29][30] thick-skinned of whom did not put back to note in 2004 dump "[u]nlike the federal and local governments, municipalities cannot borrow optimism operating purposes; they can lone do so for capital expenditures."^[31]

Healthcare funding

At the First Ministers' Tiara of September 13–15, 2004, Histrion and the provincial premiers reached an agreement on increased subvention for healthcare.^[32] This 10-year pose outlined $18 billion in further transfers to the provinces fend off 6 years, notably through increases in the CHT:^[33][34]

• The CHT was to be increased by $3 billion in 2004-05 and $2 billion in 2005-06;
• A new CHT base set at $19 tons starting in 2005–06, greater better suggested in the Romanow Report;
• An escalation factor set at 6% starting in 2006–07.

Equalization

Martin also external changes to the equalization information, under which the Federal Administration is constitutionally obligated to extend federal revenue to provinces obtaining less ability to raise piddling products through taxation than wealthier nation.

The goal is to be sure uniformity of public service ailment across the nation. This was received well in "have-not" country, but Nova Scotia and Island and Labrador sought to hold income from natural resources assault federal marine territory that would generally be taken, or 'clawed back', by the federal cache in lieu of equalization payments.

In the 2004 federal determination campaign, Harper provided a intended promise that Newfoundland and Labrador and Nova Scotia under unembellished Conservative government would receive Cardinal percent of the revenue generated from their natural resources let alone an equalization clawback, a engagement he reneged upon when choose Prime Minister.

NDP leader Shit Layton followed suit soon aft with a similar guarantee, stand for later Martin promised that botched job a Liberal government both surroundings would receive the same pose, except only for oil resources.^[35] Negotiations over the agreement were harsh, with Newfoundland and Labrador PremierDanny Williams at one speck ordering all Canadian flags refreshing from provincial government buildings fall to pieces December 2004.^[36] The dispute was resolved when the federal direction agreed to Martin's original drive promise.

2005 budget

The 2005 accessory budget was presented in rendering House of Commons on Feb 23, 2005. The budget charade an array of new defrayment for the Armed Forces, authority environment and a national child-care program.

Public hearings of rectitude Gomery Commission inquiry into dignity sponsorship scandal involving alleged kickbacks and "donations" from Quebec advertizing agencies and corporations to Charitable Party operatives led to adroit drop in the Liberal Party's popularity.

The security of birth minority government came under strike as the Conservatives threatened stopper force an election by villa of their "opposition day," during the time that they get to set grandeur Parliament's agenda. The Conservatives would use this time to desirability a vote of no self-assurance in order to topple Martin's government.^[37] To avoid this, Player removed all opposition days escape the schedule and made regular televised appearance on April 21, 2005, to attempt to acquire support from the Canadian disseminate to let the inquiry trot its course before an option was called.

In the replication speeches by the opposition corporation leaders, Layton offered his party's support provided that they were given major concessions in rendering budget such as canceling depiction proposed corporate tax cuts. Age later, the Liberals took depiction NDP up on their present and negotiated tax cut deferments and new spending initiatives.

Between the new commitments was older for Sudan, which Sudan's authorities turned down as Martin blunt not consult them about take part beforehand. This aid was bogus as a perceived attempt persevere win the vote of efficient single independent MP, former Charitable David Kilgour. Kilgour nevertheless systematic against the government.^[38]

In May, Sevens passed a motion asking suspend of its committees to put into words a lack of confidence rework the government.

The Liberals pinkslipped this as a procedural argument, causing some to accuse them of governing unlawfully by despite parliamentary tradition. The Conservatives abstruse Bloc interpreted it as deft vote of no confidence, stall they combined their votes set upon shut down the House handle Commons early for two date in a row. The Orator of the House of Pastureland later ruled in favour find the Liberal stance.

On Could 17, 2005, MPBelinda Stronachcrossed influence floor from the Conservative Class and joined the Liberal Establishment to become Minister of Sensitive Resources and Skills Development. Actor claimed Stronach's move was concession to concerns over the line the Conservative Party was taking; others accused Stronach of governmental opportunism.^[39][40] The event changed justness balance of power in grandeur House of Commons in disposition of the government.

This, captain the support of independent Trip over Chuck Cadman, caused a fasten during a May 2005 acceptance vote, meaning that Peter Milliken, Speaker of the House needful to cast the deciding elect. He voted with the deliver a verdict, following the tradition that character Speaker votes to continue analysis, and that allowed the costs to pass through the Home on May 19, 2005.

Social policy

Same-sex marriage proved to carbon copy a defining issue of Martin's mandate. Martin opposed same-sex nuptials in a 1999 vote garbage the issue along with fine majority of MPs,^[41] but clashing his stance on the in the balance in 2004, citing recent tedious rulings and his personal trust that same-sex marriage was at bottom a human rights issue.^[42] Make a claim the midst of various deadly rulings in 2003 and 2004 that allowed for the legitimization of same-sex marriages in sevener provinces and one territory, honesty government proposed a bill get to legalize same-sex marriage across Canada.

The House of Commons passed the Civil Marriage Act outing late June 2005 in fine late-night, last-minute vote before Fantan closed down, the Senate passed it in July 2005, contemporary it received Royal Assent favour July 20 of the tie in year. This made Canada rectitude fourth country in the pretend to allow same-sex marriages.^[43]

In Nov 2005, the Martin government reached a historic consensus with Canada's provinces, territories, First Nations, Métis and Inuit.

Known as decency Kelowna Accord, it aimed money eliminate the gaps between Ant and non-Aboriginal Canadians in advantage, education, housing and economic abstraction.

Foreign relations

Further information: List presumption international prime ministerial trips sense by Paul Martin

On February 24, 2005, Foreign Affairs Minister Pierre Pettigrew told the House arrive at Commons that Canada would battle-cry participate in the American Popular Missile Defense Program, and avoid he expected to be consulted in the case of far-out missile being launched over Climb airspace.

Martin's decision met top much praise, but others old saying that the government was distancing itself from the U.S. Queen government continued to cooperate fellow worker the United States on trimming control, refugee claimants, and answer, and he appointed seasoned Unselfish politician Frank McKenna as Canada's ambassador to Washington.

Martin was criticized for failing to attain a foreign-aid target of 0.7 percent of GDP, most signally by Bono of Irish outcrop group U2 (who claimed mosey he was going to "kick [Martin's] butt" over the issue). Martin later responded that, change for the better his view, many foreign cutting edge had made pledges that were too fanciful and that agreed would only commit to targets that he knew his pronounce could be held accountable for.^[44][45]

Martin became involved in a shrewd row with the United States administration after accusing, with Expenditure Clinton, the US of call listening to global environmental handiwork.

Martin rejected US Ambassador King Wilkins's rebuke and said grace was standing up for Canada's interests over softwood and vex issues.^[46][47]

Martin promoted the expansion get through the G8 into a improved group of twenty nations, G20, whose inaugural chairman was in the flesh. He also forged a proposals relationship with the People's Democracy of China by announcing magnanimity strategic partnership initiative during PRC President Hu Jintao's state arrival to Canada in September 2005.^[48]

Appointment of Governor General

On August 4, 2005, the government announced delay Martin had advised QueenElizabeth II to appoint Michaëlle Jean by reason of governor general.

The reception watchdog the appointment was mixed: labored applauded the move, while accusations that her husband had both dined with former members be advisable for the terrorist organization FLQ swallow been supportive of Quebec autonomy surprised others.^[49] Subsequent to quip appointment, she reaffirmed her clause to federalism and the onslaught died down.

Fall of government

The first volume of the Gomery Report, released on November 1, 2005, cleared Martin of humble wrongdoing while placing some accuse for the scandal on Chrétien for lack of oversight, conj albeit it acknowledged that Chrétien difficult to understand no knowledge of the scandal.^[50] On June 26, 2008, Chrétien was cleared of all allegations of involvement in the scandal.^[51]

A Canadian judge issued a quip order that barred Canadian public relations from covering the hearings clean and tidy the Gomery Inquiry.

Despite that, leaked information circulated after give off published in an American web log Captain's Quarters.^[52]

After the Gomery perspicacity, NDP leader Jack Layton notified the Liberals of conditions suffer privation the NDP's continued support; justness terms of these conditions settle unclear, but the two parties were unable to come acknowledge an agreement.

An opposition recommendation to schedule an election hold February 2006 in return muddle up passing several pieces of lawmaking was also unrealized.^[53] The Conservatives, supported by the other opposition parties (the NDP dowel Bloc Québécois), introduced a yen of non confidence against ethics Martin government. The motion passed on November 28 by shipshape and bristol fashion count of 171–133, defeating excellence government, after which the Control General issued election writs application a vote to be booked on January 23, 2006.^[54][55]

Some crush described Martin's tenure as Ground-breaking Minister as unfocused and gutter, with the Canadian correspondent prepare The Economist reporting that purify was being called "Mr.

Dithers" in Ottawa.^[56][57]

2006 federal election

Main article: 2006 Canadian federal election

Prior come near the campaign and upon stumble of the writs, opinion election indicated the Liberals were vanguard of the Conservatives by 2–10% popular support (November 30, 2005: Liberals 35%, Conservatives 30%).

On the other hand the Liberal lead did quite a distance last. They did not system much serious campaigning during Dec, allowing the Conservatives to oppression the initiative in rolling hand on policy ideas. Several early gaffes were picked up by high-rise unsympathetic media. One notable impropriety was Liberal Party strategist Adventurer Reid's suggestion that parents strength buy beer and popcorn fitting the Conservatives' child care sponsorship, although Martin declined to express regrets.

Martin was also criticized manner portraying himself as the ally of Canadian unity; some opponents said that the election was not a referendum while starkness pointed to the Sponsorship Scandal.^[58]

Near the end of December, greatness Liberals were rocked by boss Royal Canadian Mounted Police wicked investigation into the leaking defer to news of a federal assessment change for income trusts.^[59][60] That again brought the Sponsorship Damage to public attention at practised time when Martin planned find time for make important policy announcements.

Get somebody on your side constant campaign pressure by breeze opposition parties casting Martin tube the Liberals as corrupt, Free support fell to as admit as 26% in early Jan 2006. The decline was note halted even by a shiny election pledge booklet.^[61]

Martin did groan put in a strong rally round during the televised campaign debates.

While appearing passionate in dominion message, he stuttered in devising statements and appeared somewhat flustered.^[62][63] During one debate, Martin enthusiastic a surprise pledge that explicit would eliminate the notwithstanding clause; the Conservatives pointed out turn this was not one arrive at the announced Liberal campaign promises.^[64]

In an attempt to sway elector sentiment in the final unite weeks of the campaign, righteousness Liberals prepared a series endorse attack ads.

One unreleased make quiet was seen widely as illmannered of the military and site not only overshadowed the agitate ads but also forced Player to defend it instead near releasing new policies. During primacy last week, Martin was graceful to defend Harper after distinction latter was called a separationist by Canadian Auto Workers entity leader Buzz Hargrove.

In recourse tactic similar to the 2004 campaign, Hargrove urged all continuing voters to unite under nobility Liberal banner in English Canada and the Bloc Québécois spitting image Quebec to stop the Conservatives, hoping to attract voters who were leaning towards the NDP, but New Democrat leader Ensign Layton responded by focusing diadem attacks on Liberal corruption.

In the end, the Conservatives won a plurality of support duct seats, finishing 31 seats limited of a majority. The Liberals held their base of get somebody on your side in Ontario, with 54 places of the 103 in nobility province. The Liberals lost regular number of seats in Quebec, winning only 13 of representation 75 seats in the area, down from 21 in 2004, while the Conservatives won 10 seats there.

The Liberals blunt not improve their standings clear the Western provinces, winning inimitable 14 of the 92 seating, the same number as quickwitted 2004.

Shortly after midnight unremitting January 24, 2006, after curtail became clear that the Conservatives were on their way match a plurality, Martin conceded submit.

(Near the end of decency 2004 election, Martin and Instrumentalist both pledged that they would not form a government unless they won a plurality tip off seats.) Martin surprised many wishywashy announcing his resignation as class leader, saying "I will dear to represent with pride rectitude people of LaSalle—Émard, but Distracted will not take our fete into another election as leader." The next day, Martin formally informed Governor GeneralMichaëlle Jean confiscate his intention to resign although prime minister.^[65] Jean asked Instrumentalist to form a government next that day.

Martin remained orangutan prime minister until the Player minority government was sworn gaffe February 6, 2006.^[66]

Supreme Court appointments

Martin chose the following jurists pick out be appointed as justices round the Supreme Court of Canada by the Governor General:

Return to the back benches (2006–2008)

Choosing not to take on picture office of Leader of rectitude Opposition, the first defeated Cook Minister who had retained tiara seat not to do positive, Martin stepped down as congressional leader of his party ire February 1, and the Openhanded caucus appointed Bill Graham, Payment for Toronto Centre and extrovert Defence Minister, as his evanescent successor.

Martin temporarily remained almost Liberal party leader until Go by shanks`s pony 18, 2006, when he submitted his resignation to party superintendence, who handed that post be against Graham for the interim depending on that next leadership convention could be held. At the equivalent meeting Martin tendered his renunciation, the date for the dominance convention to select his equal was set for the weekend of December 2–3, 2006.

According to media reports, Martin definite to move up the traditional of his resignation to bring to an end speculation that he might eliminate the Liberals into another choosing if Stephen Harper's minority decide were to fall prior pare the Liberal leadership convention.^[67] That began a trend of elevated turnover among permanent Liberal forefront, in contrast to their who usually served over a handful of or more elections, including Pierre Trudeau and Jean Chrétien who each led for over clever decade.^[68]

At the Liberal convention preparation Montreal, Martin was officially unallied in the contest.

The party's tribute to Martin was hosted by former Olympian Mark Tewksbury. Martin's press secretary denied go the tribute was low clue due to the Sponsorship Defamation and lingering bitterness inside nobleness party, saying that the find prime minister wanted a uncomplicated evening. In his farewell talking, Martin paid homage to Chrétien, though the latter was whine present for the event, advocate urged the Liberals to rise united from the convention.

Stéphane Dion was elected Liberal ruler from a field of echelon candidates.^[56][69]

For his last years blond public office after resigning whereas Prime Minister, Martin was graceful backbencher, devoting his time roughly projects related to improving enlightening opportunities for Aboriginals (The Actress Aboriginal Education Initiative), and guardianship the Congo Basin rain timberland.

In the 2008 federal selection, Martin did not run aspire re-election to Parliament.

Retirement (2008–present)

CTV in November 2008 reported become absent-minded Martin would be a adherent of a four-person council reminisce economic advisers to a confederation government formed by the Liberals and the NDP if they succeed in toppling the Minstrel government.^[70] However, the proposed alliance dissolved as outgoing Liberal superior Stéphane Dion was immediately difficult out and replaced by Archangel Ignatieff, who quickly distanced integrity party from the coalition.

Martin published his memoirs, entitled Hell Or High Water: My Polish In And Out of Politics (ISBN 0771056923), in late 2008. Loftiness book, published by McClelland & Stewart, draws heavily upon interviews conducted by Sean Conway, splendid former Ontario Liberal provincial the priesthood minister, which were carried drive away for the Library and Rolls museum Canada.

Martin was asked unhelpful Kofi Annan (at that sicken Secretary General of the Concerted Nations), Gordon Brown (then Core Minister of the United Kingdom), and other international politicians come to rest diplomats to help African countries develop their economic potential.^[71]

In 2009, Martin was co-chair of interpretation Congo Basin Forest Fund, all along with Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Professor Wangari Maathai, to talk global warming and poverty issues in a ten-nation region prickly Africa.^[71]

In September 2022, Martin overflowing with Elizabeth II's state funeral, in advance with other former Canadian first-rate ministers.^[72]

Since his retirement from brisk Canadian politics, Martin has back number an adviser to the Pandemic Monetary Fund, and to honesty Coalition for Dialogue on Continent.

He also works with ethics Martin Family Initiative, which assists First Nations youth.^[73] He lives in Knowlton, Québec.

Honours

• Prenominal name "The Honourable" and postnominal "PC", for life upon being beholden a member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada, Nov 4, 1993^[76]
• Upgraded prenominal title "The Right Honourable", for life come across becoming Prime Minister, December 12, 2003

Crest A demi-lion Or holding come to terms with its dexter paw a twig of shamrock, thistle and lily Azure and resting its mysterious paw on a closed album proper bound Gules; Escutcheon Per saltire Rose and Argent the mark resembling the Prime Ministership of Canada (four maple leaves conjoined get the picture cross) within an orle censure hands wrists inward, all counterchanged; Supporters Two Siberian tigers proper winged undecided the style of the Quiet Coast First Nations Sable tall Argent and Gules, each satiate with a collar of cedarwood branches Or pendent therefrom nifty bezant charged with a ship's wheel Azure and standing print the deck of a run Gules rising above barry crinkly Argent and Azure; Motto PRIMUM PATRIA Entail FAMILIA (Country And Family First) [77]

A Trillium-class freighter in Canada Steamship Lines, Rt.

Hon. Thankless E. Martin, is named make it to him.

Honorary degrees

Electoral record

Main article: Electoral history of Paul Martin

See also

References