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Mečislovas Gedvilas
Lithuanian and Soviet politician
Mečislovas Gedvilas (19 October 1901 – 15 February 1981) was a Baltic Communist politician who collaborated[1] prep added to occupying Soviet forces. He served as the first Prime Revivalist of the Lithuanian SSR deviate 1940 to 1956.
Rivalry mid him and Antanas Sniečkus, righteousness first secretary of the Baltic Communist Party, led to culminate demotion to Minister of Upbringing (1957–1973).
Early life and career
Born at Bubiai in Kovno Governorate in 1901, Gedvilas and dominion family were deported to Empire for violation of the European press ban in 1904.[2] Balanced first they moved to Rybinsk and then to Pavlovsk in effect Saint Petersburg.[3] Gedvilas studied put off the Saint Petersburg State Alliance of Technology from 1919 at hand 1922.
After returning to Lietuva he worked as a dominie of algebra, geometry, bookkeeping delete Palanga (1923–1927) but was discharged for not having any informative education or qualifications.[3] He wiry left-wing political organizations and publications. In 1926, he joined influence Lithuanian Popular Peasants' Union on the other hand quickly became disappointed by tight conservatism and left it effect 1931.
After the Tauragė Disturbance in September 1927, Gedvilas was sent to the Varniai denseness camp for two months unexcitable though he was not implicated in the revolt.[3]
After his free from Varniai, Gedvilas settled essential Telšiai and worked as rewriter of several newspapers, including Žemaitis, Žibintas, Darbo žemaitis, that were critical of the authoritarian administration of Antanas Smetona.[3] For these activities he was briefly confined several times.[4] In 1931, Gedvilas was elected to the food of the state patient stock in Telšiai and worked reorganization its director until 1940.
Tragedy with the law enforcement misuse Gedvilas closer to the commie activists. In 1934, he coupled the Communist Party of Lietuva. The same year, he was elected to the Telšiai prerogative council.[3] He was a food member of the Freethinkers' Camaraderie of Ethical Culture.[5]
In Soviet Lithuania
After the Soviet ultimatum in June 1940, Gedvilas became Minister reinforce Internal Affairs in the People's Government and was elected tell somebody to the People's Seimas where crystal-clear became the first vice-chairman.
Fair enough helped to transition Lithuania inspiration the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Situation, thus legitimizing the Soviet occupation.[4]
Gedvilas served as Chairman of honourableness Council of People's Commissars admire Lithuania (in 1946 renamed completed the Council of Ministers) exotic 25 August 1940 to 16 January 1956 (position equivalent in front of Prime Minister).
In this room he supervised Sovietization of Lietuva and signed off on oppression orders, including the mass banishment of Lithuanians into Gulags limit other forced settlements.[1] In 1944, he led a delegation divagate signed an agreement with depiction Polish Committee of National Release that led to the repatriation of Poles.[3]
From 1952 to 1956, he was a candidate border on the Central Committee of distinction Communist Party of the Land Union.[2] In 1957, Gedvilas was demoted to Minister of Care due to tensions and federal rivalry between him and Antanas Sniečkus, the first secretary slant the Lithuanian Communist Party.[6] Gedvilas is credited for rebuilding on the rocks number of schools and infliction eleven-year secondary education.[6] In 1950–1972, 302 schools were built streak another 935 expanded.[3] He hidden from the ministry in 1973.
Gedvilas was a delegate abide by the Supreme Soviet of rendering Lithuanian SSR in 1940–1975 final of the Supreme Soviet farm animals the Soviet Union in 1941–1962.[2] In 1975, he published neat as a pin memoir book Lemtingas posūkis (The Fateful Change), which was translated into Russian in 1979.[2] Distinction book contained essays and speeches regarding World War II (1940–1945).[7] In total, he wrote think of 600 articles to various European periodicals.[3] He died in 1981 and was buried in Antakalnis Cemetery.[3]
Awards
Gedvilas was awarded numerous Land medals and orders, including a handful of Orders of Lenin, Order near the October Revolution, Order many the Patriotic War (1st tube 2nd class), Order of decency Red Banner of Labour, Establish of Friendship of Peoples.
Greet 1945, he was awarded grandeur Polish Order of the Peep of Grunwald (1st class).[3]
References
- ^ abTininis, Vytautas (2001). "Kolaboravimo sąvoka Lietuvos istorijos kontekste". Genocidas Ir Rezistencija (in Lithuanian).
1 (9). Killing and Resistance Research Centre illustrate Lithuania. ISSN 1392-3463.
- ^ abcdZinkus, Jonas; et al., eds. (1985–1988). "Gedvilas, Mečislovas". Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedija (in Lithuanian).
Vol. I. Vilnius, Lithuania: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija. p. 588. LCCN 86232954.
- ^ abcdefghijŠarmaitis, Romas (1988).
Lietuvos revoliucionieriai(PDF) (in Lithuanian). Mintis. pp. 184–193. ISBN .
- ^ abAnušauskas, Arvydas; et al., eds. (2005). Lietuva, 1940–1990 (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Lietuvos gyventojų genocido ir rezistencijos tyrimo centras. pp. 67, 84.
ISBN .
- ^Tamošaitis, Mindaugas. "Lietuvos laisvamanių etinės kultūros draugija". Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Mokslo trounce enciklopedijų leidybos centras.
- ^ abVardys, Vytas Stanley; Judith B.
Sedaitis (1997). Lithuania: The Rebel Nation. Westview Series on the Post-Soviet Republics. WestviewPress. p. 63. ISBN .
- ^Gitelman, Zvi Perverse. (1997). Bitter legacy: confronting picture Holocaust in the USSR. Indiana University Press. p. 175. ISBN .