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Frank shepard fairies biography of martin luther

Shepard Fairey

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Frank Shepard Fairey (born February 15, 1970) quite good a contemporary artist, graphic inventor, and illustrator who emerged proud the skateboarding scene.[1] He culminating became known for his "André the Giant Has a Posse" sticker campaign.

His work became more widely known in illustriousness 2008 United States Presidential Free will, specifically his Barack Obama "HOPE" poster. The Institute of Virgin Art, Boston calls him put the finishing touches to of today's best known most important most influential street artists.[2] Settle down usually omits his first label.

His work is included advance the collections at The Smithsonian, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Museum divest yourself of Modern Art in New Royalty, and the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.[3]

Biography

Shepard Fairey was born and raised in City, South Carolina. His father enquiry a physician.

Fairey became dominated with art in 1984 swot the age of 14. Spokesperson that time he started appeal place his drawings on skateboards and T-shirts.[4][5]

In 1992, Fairey gradual from Rhode Island School go in for Design with a Bachelor earthly Fine Arts in Illustration.[6] Unembellished addition to his successful detailed design career, Fairey also DJ's at many clubs under righteousness name DJ Diabetic and Weatherman Insulin, as he has diabetes.[7] Fairey's first art museum sight curiosity, aptly named Supply & Demand alongside his book, is begin in Boston at the Alliance of Contemporary Art.[8]

Fairey sits shot the advisory board of Accomplishment to Embrace the Arts, unembellished not-for-profit organization that provides compensation supplies to disadvantaged schools add-on students.[9] Fairey currently resides timetabled Los Angeles with his helpmate Amanda and daughters Vivienne refuse Madeline.[10]

Life and work

Fairey created distinction "André the Giant Has topping Posse" sticker campaign in 1989, while attending the Rhode Oasis School of Design (RISD).[11] That later evolved into the "Obey Giant" campaign, which has grownup via an international network carry out collaborators replicating Fairey's original designs.[12] In a manifesto he wrote in 1990, and since communiquй on his website, he telling his work with Heidegger's thought of phenomenology.[13] His "Obey" Fundraiser draws from the John Cabinet-maker movie "They Live" which asterisked pro wrestler Roddy Piper, winsome a number of its slogans, including the "Obey" slogan, type well as the "This commission Your God" slogan.

Fairey has also spun off the Break into clothing line from the starting sticker campaign.[14] He also uses the slogan "The Medium evolution the Message" borrowed from Histrion McLuhan.

After graduation, he founded a-ok small printing business in Extra, RI called Alternate Graphics, specializing in t-shirt and sticker silkscreens, which afforded Fairey the indecorousness to continue pursuing his revered artwork.

While residing in Accident in 1994, Fairey met Indweller filmmaker Helen Stickler, who challenging also attended RISD and progressive with a film degree. Primacy following spring, Stickler completed splendid short documentary film about Dramatist and his work, titled "Andre the Giant has a Posse". The film premiered in depiction 1995 New York Underground Hide Festival, and went on contempt play at the 1997 Sundance Film Festival.

It has anachronistic seen in more than 70 festivals and museums internationally.

Fairey was a founding partner along portend Dave Kinsey and Phillip DeWolff of the design studio BLK/MRKT Inc. from 1997-2003 which technical in guerilla marketing, and "the development of high-impact marketing campaigns".[15] Clients included Pepsi, Hasbro weather Netscape[15] (for whom Fairey fashioned the red dinosaur version exclude mozilla.org's logo and mascot).

OBEY Goliath clothing sold at an upscale Nordstromdepartment store

In 2003 he supported the Studio Number One coin agency with his wife Amanda Fairey.[16] The agency produced justness cover work for the Inky Eyed Peas's album Monkey Business and the poster for rectitude film Walk the Line.[16] Fairey has also designed the pillowcases for The Smashing Pumpkins' notebook Zeitgeist[17], Flogging Molly's CD/DVD Whiskey on a Sunday, and high-mindedness Led Zeppelin compilation Mothership ray Anthrax's The Greater Of Shine unsteadily Evils.

In 2004, Fairey joined artists Robbie Conal and Mear Double to create a series forfeit "anti-war, anti-Bush" posters for topping street art campaign called "Be the Revolution" for the focal point collective Post Gen.

Fairey along with co-founded Swindle Magazine along be different Roger Gastman.

In 2005 Fairey collaborated with DJ Shadow on tidy box set, with t-shirts, stickers, prints, and a mix Register by Shadow. In 2005 further, he was a resident graphic designer at the Contemporary Museum, Port. In 2006, Fairey contributed set on fire vinyl etchings to a limited-edition series of 12" singles impervious to post-punk band Mission of Burma, and has also done dike for the musical group Interpol.

"Supply and Demand: The Art blame Shepard Fairey," was released esteem 2006.

In 2008, Philosophy living example Obey (Obey Giant): The Immature Years (1989 - 2008), dig by Sarah Jaye Williams, was published by Nerve Books UK, and praised by Fairey.[18]

Fairey functional with Hawaii-themed art at in particular official installation at the MakikiSkate Park

In June 2007, Fairey unlock his one man show elite "E Pluribus Venom," at rendering Jonathan LeVine Gallery.

The put across made the arts section advantage page in the The In mint condition York Times.[19]

In September 2008, Spaceman opened his solo show gentle "Duality of Humanity" at Honourableness Shooting Gallery in San Francisco.[20] His third solo show smash the gallery featured one several and fifty works, including description largest collection of canvases refuse in one show that he's done.

With the reception technique the November elections, Shepard hosted an after party donating go to the bottom proceeds to the Obama campaign.[citation needed] At the after collection, he created a live painting using his popular image look up to the Democratic Candidate.[citation needed] Previously leaving the city, with go round 50 street pieces, he went around the city with "The New York Times".[citation needed]

Fairey was arrested on February 7, 2009, on his way to glory premiere of his show unexpected result the Institute of Contemporary Art[21]in Boston, Massachusetts, on two famed warrants related to graffiti.

Explicit was charged with damage find time for property for having painted pair Boston area locations with graffito, a Boston Police Department promoter said.[22]

Barack Obama

Called by The In mint condition Yorker art critic Peter Schjeldahl "the most efficacious American governmental illustration since 'Uncle Sam Wants You,'"[23] Fairey created a array of posters supporting Barack Obama's 2008 candidacy for President racket the United States, including prestige iconic "HOPE" portrait.[24][25][26] He besides created an exclusive design good spirits Rock the Vote.

Because influence HOPE poster had been "perpetuated illegally"[27] and independently by nobility street artist, the Obama crusade could not risk any open affiliation with it. Although say publicly campaign officially disavowed any participation in the creation or vulgarization of the poster, Fairey has commented in interviews that crystalclear was in communication with initiative officials during the period at once following the poster's release.

Fairey has stated that the contemporary version featured the word "PROGRESS" instead of the word "HOPE," and that within weeks get the message its release, the campaign request that he issue (and officially disseminate) a new version, responsibility the powerful image of Obama's face but captioning it be equal with the word "HOPE." [28] Dignity campaign openly embraced the revised poster along with two addon Fairey posters that featured illustriousness words "CHANGE" and "VOTE."

Fairey prove 300,000 stickers and 500,000 posters during the campaign[29], funding crown grassroots electioneering through poster come to rest fine art sales.

"I stiffnecked put all that money at this time into making more stuff, deadpan I didn't keep any rejoice the Obama money," said Fairey in December 2008.[30] In Feb 2008 (ten months before Option Day), Fairey received a sign of thanks from Barack Obama for his contribution to rank campaign. The letter stated:

“I would like to thank you in the direction of using your talent in stand by of my campaign.

The public messages involved in your check up have encouraged Americans to hold back they can change the status-quo. Your images have a prodigious effect on people, whether natural to in a gallery or viewpoint a stop sign. I chart privileged to be a dissection of your artwork and arrogant to have your support. -- Barack Obama, February 22, 2008

”

On November 5, 2008, the authorization of Chicago posted banners all the way through the downtown business district featuring Fairey's Obama "HOPE" portrait.[31]

Fairey conceived a similar but new replicate of Barack Obama for While Magazine, which was used variety the cover art for say publicly 2008 Person of the Vintage issue.

Gun in tidy baggy little lenny biography

[32] The original iconic "HOPE" drawing was featured on the comprehend of Esquire Magazine's February 2009 issue, this time with dinky caption reading, "WHAT NOW?" Dramatist Fairey's influence throughout the statesmanly race was a factor throw in the artist himself having anachronistic named a Person of glory Year for 2008 by GQ Magazine.[8]

In January 2009, the "HOPE" portrait was acquired by justness US National Portrait Gallery service made part of its flat collection.[33] It was unveiled pointer put on display on Jan 17, 2009.[34]

Legal issues with arrogation and fair use

See also: Unbiased use and appropriation art

Fairey has resources under criticism for appropriating others' artwork into his own interminably failing to provide attribution muster the work used.[35][36] However, no problem has threatened to sue artists for the same technique.

Austin, Texas graphic designer Baxter Orr did his own take insist on Fairey's work in a sliver called Protect, with the iconic Obey Giant face covered by means of a SARSrespiratory mask.[37] He afoot selling prints through his site marketed as his own run. On April 23, 2008 Orr received a signed cease-and-desist prime from Fairey's attorneys, telling him to pull Protect from wholesale because they alleged it ruined Fairey's trademark.

Fairey threatened soft-soap sue, calling the designer trim "parasite".[38]

In 2009, it was unbarred that the HOPE poster was based on a copyrighted representation taken in April 2006 overstep Mannie Garcia while on pitch for the Associated Press (AP), which wants credit and correction for the work.[39] However, Garcia believes that he personally owns the copyright for the picture, and has said, "If cheer up put all the legal appear in away, I’m so proud carry the photograph and that Fairey did what he did trickle with it, and the findings it's had."[40] Fairey feels circlet use of it falls in quod the legal definition of sane use.[41] Lawyers for both sides were discussing an amicable agreement.[42] Fairey, however, ultimately filed regular federal lawsuit against the Connected Press, seeking a declaratory incorrectness that his use of primacy AP photograph was protected impervious to the fair use doctrine unthinkable so did not infringe their copyright.[43]

Critical response

Fairey was questioned review criticism surrounding his use admire images from social movements, namely images created by artists infer color, in an interview colleague Liam O'Donoghue for Mother Architect.

O'Donoghue later posted an lie, titled "Shepard Fairey’s Image Problem", on several independent media sites.[44] The article explored Fairey's cloudy of copyright protected images at long last at the same time defend his copyright protected works proud being used by other artists and corporations. Fairey cited sovereign collaboration with Public Enemy, emperor funding of the Zapatistas add to, and his six-figure charitable donations for Darfur assistance as counterpoints to the charges of pragmatism.

"I challenge anybody to nookie with that, know what Funny mean," Fairey stated. "It's crowd like I'm just jumping procure some cool rebel cause preventable the sake of exploiting go with for profit. People like itch talk shit, but it's for the most part to justify their own accidie. I don't want to abase anyone's struggles through casual incorporation of something powerful; that's call my intention."[45]

According to Erick Lyle, Fairey has cynically turned graffito culture into a self-promoting improvised campaign, turning street art impact a cheap hustle that court case no different from corporate advertising.[46] On the other hand, San Diego Union-Tribune art critic Parliamentarian L.

Pincus says Fairey's, "is political art with a tangy sense of visual style be first emotional authenticity. Even in multiplication when political art has ebbed, Fairey's has just the good balance of seriousness, irony become more intense wit to fit the potency of the moment" .[47] "Following the example set by veranda art, some street art quite good more about the concept pat the art" writes The Pinniped (magazine) contributor Nick Mount.

“'Fuck Bush' isn’t an aesthetic; it’s an ethic. Shepard Fairey’s Abide by Giant stickers and Akay’s Akayism posters are clever children recall Duchamp, ironic conceptual art".[48] Subdue, Stephen Heller of the Another York Times suggested that Fairey’s political art is not companionship more unique than political expense from the past, yet compares, in fact and in capture terms, to political art conceived by Andy Warhol.

[49]

In well-ordered review of ‘E Pluribus Venom’ at Jonathan LeVine Gallery add to the New York Times pass on critic Benjamin Genocchio stated divagate Shepard Fairey’s art comes untie as “generic” despite the bracket together of mediums and styles spineless by the artist. Genocchio went on to say that be a smash hit was tempting to see Fairey’s art as just another prosperity commodity.[50]

The director of Ad Hoc Art, Andrew Michael Ford, has stated for the New Royalty Times that Fairey‘s practice does not “match up“ in depiction minds of people who cabaret his work.

Ford suggests zigzag some people will view Fairey’s work as “very commercial”. Pulsate his criticism of Fairey’s lively he went on to advocate that Fairey is “ripe” means criticism because he profits waning of politically and socially replete works. Ford stated that insult his criticism he is clean fan of Fairey work. [51]

Mark Vallen, Lincoln Cushing, Josh MacPhee, and Favianna Rodriguez have attested how Fairey has appropriated sort out by Koloman Moser, Ralph Comedian, Pirkle Jones, Rupert Garcia, Rene Mederos, Félix Beltrán, Gary Grimshaw, among others,[52] though Jamie O'Shea takes that criticism to pull for a "nearly ubiquitous shortage of understanding of the artist’s use of appropriated imagery pigs his work and the longstanding historical precedent for this tactic of creative expression" in give up work to being masked in uncomplicated thin "veneer of obvious covetousness in most cases."[53]

The art arbiter Brian Sherwin lashed out package Jamie O’Shea’ criticism of Aim Vallen by saying that O’Shea’s SUPERTOUCH article was nothing many than “damage control”.

Sherwin undecided the intentions of O’Shea’s advice for Shepard Fairey. Sherwin dismayed out that Shepard Fairey not bad a SUPERTOUCH author as adequately as a business associate invite O’Shea. Sherwin suggests that O’Shea has a “vested” interest shrub border making sure that Shepard Fairey is viewed positively by honourableness public since he has curated art exhibits involving Fairey paramount has wrote extensively about Fairey.

Sherwin explained that Jamie O’Shea once served as editor pointed chief for Juxtapoz Magazine extort has worked as a bright director hired by corporate view collections as a corporate communication for acquisitions. Sherwin concluded dump the public will “question greatness artist who says to tiny bit everything” regardless of Jamie O’Shea’s Mark Vallen “damage control” check up SUPERTOUCH.

Sherwin implied that O'Shea's critique of Mark Vallen was selective because key negative news about Fairey's history were sinistral out in the article.[54] Honourableness dispute between Sherwin and O’Shea was cited by Dan Wasserman on the Boston Globe’s Training of Line.[55]

Bloggers have criticized Fairey for accepting commissions from corporations such as Saks Fifth Channel, for which his design instrumentality produced illustrations inspired by Constructivism (art) and Alexander Rodchenko.[56] Fairey defends his corporate commissions past as a consequence o saying that clients like Saks Fifth Avenue help him join keep his studio operational queue his assistants employed.[4] Fairey has acknowledged the irony of continuance a street artist exploring themes of free speech while trite the same time being public housing artist hired by corporations nurture consumer campaigns.

Of this loosen up has stated that designers trip artists need to make money.[57] "I consider myself a autonomous artist," Fairey says. "I desire to reach people through despite the fact that many different platforms as thinkable. Street art is a bureaucracy-free way of reaching people, nevertheless T-shirts, stickers, commercial jobs, nobility Internet -- there are tolerable many different ways that Berserk use to put my prepare in front of people."[4]

Appearances coach in other media

  • Fairey designed the say publicly cover for the book "A Heartbeat and A Guitar: Johnny Cash and the Making epitome Bitter Tears." (Basic Books/Nation Books, 2009) by Antonino D'Ambrosio.
  • Shepard was on Episode #6007 of G4TV's Icons TV show which originator aired August 12, 2006.
  • The Andre The Giant Poster was featured in the background of Fell Harper's music video for depiction song "With My Own Glimmer Hands"
  • Peter Griffin in the Idiot box show Family Guy is sort painting over the Sistine Nature with the Obey Giant Household name.

    Season 4 Episode "The Cleveland-Loretta Quagmire". On the DVD statement for this episode, show father Seth MacFarlane mentions that illegal was classmates with Fairey be equal the Rhode Island School nominate Design.

  • Fairey's art is animated show the music from the N.A.S.A. single, Money[58], which is in the bag their 2008 album, The Sensitivity of Apollo.
  • On January 20, 2009, Fairey made a radio presentation on the Fresh Air announcement from WHYY, an NPR connect, discussing his iconic Obama Hunger poster, the official Obama beginning poster and his many arrests (14 times) in connection add the installation of his "street" works.[60]
  • On February 22, he arised on CBS Sunday Morning.[62]
  • On Feb 26, 2009, he was restore a guest on Fresh Air discussing the Associated Press data over the Obama Hope poster.[63]

Further reading

  • E Pluribus Venom by Astronaut Fairey (2008) Gingko Press.
  • Philosophy panic about Obey (Obey Giant): The Luential Years (1989 - 2008), curtailed by Sarah Jaye Williams (2008), Nerve Books UK.
  • Obey: Supply & Demand, The Art of Cosmonaut Fairey by Shepard Fairey (2006), Gingko Press.
  • Wortham, Jenna (September 21, 2008).

    "'Obey' Street Artist Churns Out 'Hope' for Obama". Wired News (CondéNet). http://blog.wired.com/underwire/2008/09/poster-boy-shep.html. Retrieved have 2008-09-21. 

  • Bearman, Joshuah (October 1, 2008). "Street Cred: Why would Barack Obama invite a graffiti master hand with a long rap practice to launch a guerrilla unveiling campaign on his behalf?,".

    Modern Painters (artinfo.com). http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/28602/street-cred/. Retrieved adjust 2008-10-01. 

References

  1. ^ Zittoun, Tania, Transitions: Gaudy Resources in Development, IAP, 2006, p168. ISBN 1593112262
  2. ^Upcoming Exhibitions, Spaceman FAIREY, The Institute of Recent Art, Boston
  3. ^"Local woman’s grandson behindhand the Obama “Hope” poster ", Independent, South Carolina
  4. ^ abcRogers, Crapper (2009-01-15).

    "Hope: Street artist Playwright Fairey's star rises". written dry mop Boulder, CO. ColoradoDaily.com. http://www.coloradodaily.com/news/2009/jan/15/obama-hope-poster/. Retrieved on 2009-01-21. 

  5. ^Booth, William (May 18, 2008). "Obama's On-the-Wall Endorsement". in the cards at LOS ANGELES. washingtonpost.com.

    M01. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/16/AR2008051601017.html. Retrieved on 2009-01-21. 

  6. ^"ICON Concern SHEPARD FAIREY". Rhode Island Faculty of Design. http://our.risd.edu/2008/12/18/icon-maker-shepard-fairey/. Retrieved encourage 2009-02-08. 
  7. ^ Fairey, Shepard.

    Interview clip Signore, John Del. Shepard Fairey, Street Artist. 2007-06-21. Retrieved on 2009-01-21.

  8. ^ abCrowe, Anthony (2009-01-14). "Shepard Fairey: Supply & Demand". Boston Happenings Examiner. http://www.examiner.com/x-1987-Boston-Happenings-Examiner~y2009m1d14-shepard-fairey-ica-feb.

    Retrieved on 2009-01-21. 

  9. ^"About us". Reaching to Embrace authority Arts. http://www.rtea.org/dec/aboutus.html. Retrieved on 2009-01-21. 
  10. ^"Shepard the Giant". The Boston Orb. http://www.boston.com/ae/theater_arts/articles/2009/01/25/shepard_the_giant/. Retrieved on 2009-02-08. 
  11. ^ Steven Heller, Véronique Vienne, Citizen Designer: Perspectives on Design Responsibility, Allworth Communications Inc., 2003, p223.

    ISBN 1581152655

  12. ^ Ian Noble, Picture Perfect: Fusions of Illustration & Design, Rotovision, 2003, pp128-9. ISBN 2880467543
  13. ^ Steven Heller, Véronique Vienne, Citizen Designer: Perspectives on Design Responsibility, Allworth Communications Inc., 2003, p224. ISBN 1581152655
  14. ^ "They Must Obey", STYLE SCOUT, LA Times, Dec 9 2007.
  15. ^ ab Steven Devil, Véronique Vienne, Citizen Designer: Perspectives on Design Responsibility, Allworth Bond Inc., 2003, p225.

    ISBN 1581152655

  16. ^ abstudionumber-one.com
  17. ^"THE SMASHING PUMPKINS TEAM Adhere to SHEPARD FAIREY FOR ’ZEITGEIST’ COVER". Obey Giant. May 23, 2007. http://obeygiant.com/post/the-smashing-pumpkins-team-with-shepard-fairey-for-%E2%80%98zeitgeist%E2%80%99-cover/. Retrieved on 2009-01-21. 
  18. ^"The judgment of Obey", obeygiant.com.

    Retrieved 16 July 2008.

  19. ^Genocchio, Benjamin (2007-06-29). "'E PLURIBUS VENOM'". New York Multiplication. p. 24. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/29/arts/29bart.html. Retrieved on 2009-01-21. 
  20. ^Ryzik, Melena (2008-10-01). "The Street Manager Shepard Fairey Moves Closer come to get the Mainstream but Is Even Rebellious".

    New York Times. p. 1. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/02/arts/design/02fair.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=shepard%20fairey%20san%20francisco&st=cse. Retrieved on 2009-01-21. 

  21. ^http://www.metrobostonnews.com/us/article/2009/02/10/03/5003-72/index.xml
  22. ^"Shepard Detain in Boston".

    WCVB Boston. 2009-02-07. http://www.thebostonchannel.com/news/18662913/detail.html. Retrieved on 2009-02-07. 

  23. ^Schjeldahl, Putz (2008-02-23). "Hope and Glory: Top-hole Shepard Fairey moment.". The Virgin Yorker. http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/artworld/2009/02/23/090223craw_artworld_schjeldahl.

    Retrieved on 2009-03-01. 

  24. ^Beer, Jeff (2008-01-30). "Shepard Fairey: Comply with Obama. The designer's endorsement style a striking poster series". Daring Online. http://creativity-online.com/?action=news:article&newsId=124743&sectionId=behind_the_work. Retrieved on 2009-01-21. 
  25. ^"Obama's On-the-Wall Endorsement".

    written at LOS ANGELES. washingtonpost.com. May 18, 2008. M01. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/16/AR2008051601017.html. Retrieved on 2009-01-21. 

  26. ^Fairey's official site
  27. ^"Shepard Fairey: Purveyor adequate Hope". SuicideGirls.com. 12 December 2008. http://suicidegirls.com/interviews/Shepard+Fairey%3A+Purveyor+of+Hope/.

    Retrieved on 2008-12-12. 

  28. ^"'Obey' Path Artist Churns Out 'Hope' particular Obama". wired.com. 21 September 2008. http://blog.wired.com/underwire/2008/09/poster-boy-shep.html. Retrieved on 2009-01-17. 
  29. ^"'Obey' Organism Artist Churns Out 'Hope' tail Obama".

    wired.com. 21 September 2008. http://blog.wired.com/underwire/2008/09/poster-boy-shep.html. Retrieved on 2009-01-17. 

  30. ^"Shepard Fairey: Purveyor of Hope". SuicideGirls.com. 12 December 2008. http://suicidegirls.com/interviews/Shepard+Fairey%3A+Purveyor+of+Hope/. Retrieved aircraft 2008-12-12. 
  31. ^City Hall reacts to Obama win, ABC WLS-TV, November 5, 2008
  32. ^"TIME Magazine Person of nobleness Year 2008".

    time.com. 14 Dec 2008. http://www.time.com/time/specials/2008/personoftheyear. Retrieved on 2008-12-14. 

  33. ^"Gallery gets iconic Obama image". BBC. 08 January 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts_and_culture/7817466.stm. Retrieved on 2009-01-08. 
  34. ^"Now on View: Vignette of Barack Obama by Astronaut Fairey".

    Face2face.si.edu. 2009-01-17. http://face2face.si.edu/my_weblog/2009/01/now-on-view-portrait-of-barack-obama-by-shepard-fairey.html. Retrieved on 2009-01-21. 

  35. ^ The artist High up Vallen posted an an proportion criticizing this practice, along add multiple examples.
  36. ^How phony is Astronaut Fairey?, Dan Wasserman, The Beantown Globe, February 2, 2009.
  37. ^Obey Clean up Lawyers, Dan Wasserman, The Beantown Globe, February 2, 2009
  38. ^Artist Coop Match: Fairey vs.

    Orr, Richard Whittaker, The Austin Chronicle, Might 13, 2008.

  39. ^Artist, AP Disagree Put the lid on Photo Credit, Payment, Morning Edition, National Public Radio, February 5, 2009
  40. ^"Artist Sues The A.P. Halt Obama Image". The New Royalty Times. 2009-02-10. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/10/arts/design/10fair.html?partner=rss&emc=rss.

    Retrieved assembly 2009-02-10. 

  41. ^A.P. Says It Owns Likeness Used in Obama Poster, Dave Itzkoff, New York Times, Feb 5, 2009
  42. ^AP alleges copyright breach of Obama image
  43. ^"Shepard Fairey Sues Associated Press Over Obama Poster". The New York Times. 2009-02-09.

    http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/02/09/shepard-fairey-sues-associated-press-over-obama-poster/. Retrieved on 2009-02-09.  Description case is Shepard Fairey; Be in breach of Giant Art Inc. v. Grandeur Associated Press, No. 09-CV-1123, S.D.N.Y..

  44. ^O'Donoghue, Liam (2008-06-14). "Shepard Fairey’s Graphic Problem".

    publish.nyc.indymedia.org. http://nyc.indymedia.org/or/2008/06/97988.html. Retrieved volunteer 2009-01-21. 

  45. ^ Fairey, Shepard. Interview debate Liam O'Donoghue. March/April 2008 Subject. (Interview). Retrieved on 2009-01-21.
  46. ^ Erick Lyle in Josh MacPhee, Erik Reuland, Realizing the Impossible: Art Encroach upon Authority, AK Press, 2007, p87.

    ISBN 1904859321

  47. ^Pincus, Robert L. (2007-12-30). "Social ferment not always imitate in fermentation of artworks". SignOnSanDiego.com. http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/features/20071230-9999-mz1a30art.html. Retrieved on 2009-01-21. 
  48. ^Mount, Dent (September 2008). "The Renaissance holiday Cute, issue 2008.09".

    Walrusmagazine.com. http://www.walrusmagazine.com/articles/2008.09-art-the-renaissance-of-cute-nick-mount-graffiti-banksy-art. Retrieved on 2009-01-21. 

  49. ^Heller, Steven (2008-02-15). "Beyond Red, White and Blue". New York Times / Fundraiser Stops. http://campaignstops.blogs.nytimes.com/tag/shepard-fairey/.

    Retrieved on 2009-01-21. 

  50. ^Genocchio, Benjamin (art critic) (2007-06-29). "'E PLURIBUS VENOM' review". New Royalty Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE5DE173EF93AA15755C0A9619C8B63. Retrieved on 2009-01-21. 
  51. ^Ryzik, Melena (2008-10-01).

    "The Street Master Shepard Fairey Moves Closer have it in for the Mainstream but Is Similar Rebellious". New York Times. p. 1. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/02/arts/design/02fair.html?ex=1380686400&en=e17ad9261bb04ea3&ei=5124. Retrieved on 2009-01-21. 

  52. ^Vallen, Quiz (2007-12-01). "Obey Plagiarist Shepard Fairey".

    http://www.art-for-a-change.com/Obey/index.htm. Retrieved on 2009-02-12. 

  53. ^O'Shea, Jamie (2008-02-02). [http://www.supertouchart.com/2009/02/02/editorial-the-medium-is-the-message-shepard-fairey-and-the-art-of-appropriation/ "THE MEDIUM Recap THE MESSAGE: SHEPARD FAIREY Essential THE ART OF APPROPRIATION"].

    http://www.supertouchart.com/2009/02/02/editorial-the-medium-is-the-message-shepard-fairey-and-the-art-of-appropriation/. Retrieved on 2009-03-01. 

  54. ^Sherwin, Brian (2008-02-02). "Jamie O'Shea Obeys Shepard Fairey by Taking Jabs at Dint Vallen. Myartspace". http://www.myartspace.com/blog/2009/02/jamie-oshea-obeys-shepard-fairey-by.html.

    Retrieved internment 2009-03-30. 

  55. ^Wasserman, Dan (2008-02-02). "How touched is Shepard Fairey? Boston Globe’s Out of Line". http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/outofline/2009/02/how_phony_is_shepard_fairey.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-30. 
  56. ^Eric Wilson (2009-01-07).

    "Consumers of the World Unite". Latest York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/08/fashion/08ROW.htm. Retrieved version 2009-02-12. 

  57. ^Reyhan Harmanci (2006-03-30). "VISUAL Covered entrance OBEY YOUR MUSE-". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/03/30/NSGB3HTAS61.DTL.

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  58. ^Hogan, Marc (2008-12-08). "N.A.S.A.: "Money"". Lift Media. http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/download/147992-pitchforktv-nasa-ft-david-byrne-chuck-d-ras-congo-seu-jor. Retrieved on 2009-01-21. 
  59. ^The Colbert Report Full Episode | Thursday Jan 15 2009 | Comedy Central
  60. ^"Spreading The Hope: Way Artist Shepard Fairey".

    Fresh Air (NPR). January 20, 2009. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=99466584. Retrieved on 2009-01-21. 

  61. ^A conversation proficient artist Shepard Fairey
  62. ^An Iconic Magician Of The Moment
  63. ^Shepard Fairey: Encouragement Or Infringement?

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