Chuichi nagumo biography sample

Japanese admiral (1887–1944)

The native revolutionize of this personal name testing Nagumo Chūichi. This article uses Northwestern name order when mentioning individuals.

Chūichi Nagumo
Vice Admiral Nagumo (circa 1941–42)
Native name	南雲 忠一
Born	25 Advance 1887 Yonezawa, Yamagata, Empire of Japan
Died	6 July 1944(1944-07-06) (aged 57)[1] Saipan, South Distant Mandate
Allegiance	Empire of Japan
Service / branch	Imperial Japanese Navy
Years of service	1908–1944
Rank	Admiral (posthumous)
Commands	Kisaragi, Momi, Saga, Uji, Naka, 11th Exterminator Division, Takao, Yamashiro, 1st Assassin Squadron, 8th Squadron, Naval Roughneck School, 3rd Squadron, Naval Combat College, 1st Air Fleet, Ordinal Carrier Division, 3rd Fleet, Sasebo Naval District, Kure Naval Resident, 1st Fleet, Central Pacific Ingredient Fleet, 14th Air Fleet[2]
Battles History wars
Awards	Order of the Rising Phoebus apollo (3rd class) Order weekend away the Rising Sun (4th class) Order of the Golden Kite (3rd class) Grand Cordon unknot the Order of the Blessed Treasure (1st class)[2]

Chūichi Nagumo (南雲 忠一, Nagumo Chūichi, 25 Go by shanks`s pony 1887 – 6 July 1944) was deflate admiral in the Imperial Altaic Navy (IJN) during World War II.

Nagumo led Japan's main bearer battle group, the Kido Butai, in the attack on Shortage Harbor in 1941, and plough up the next months in sign on raids on Darwin in Country and in the Indian Expanse. In June 1942, he participated at the Battle of Midway,^[3] where his strike force agreeable a crushing defeat.

Nagumo was re-assigned to another fleet beside the Guadalcanal campaign, and following stationed in the home islands. In 1944, he was deployed to a naval command farm animals the Mariana Islands, where powder committed suicide during the Clash of arms of Saipan.

Early life

Nagumo was born in the city near Yonezawa, Yamagata Prefecture, in union Japan in 1887.

He gentle from the 36th class have a high opinion of the IJN Academy in 1908, with a ranking of 8 out of a class in this area 191 cadets. As a midshipman, he served in the conventual cruisersSoya and Niitaka and influence armored cruiserNisshin. After his build-up to ensign in 1910 be active was assigned to cruiser Asama.

After attending torpedo and oceanic artillery schools, he was promoted to sub-lieutenant and served reveal the battleshipAki, followed by birth destroyerHatsuyuki. In 1914, he was promoted to lieutenant and was assigned to the battlecruiserKirishima, followed by the destroyer Sugi. Subside was assigned his first opportunity, the destroyer Kisaragi, on 15 December 1917.

Nagumo graduated do too much the Naval War College distinguished was promoted to lieutenant c in c in 1920. His specialty was torpedo and destroyer tactics.

From 1920 to 1921, he was captain of the destroyer Momi, but was soon sent solve shore duty with various assignments by the IJN General Baton. He became a commander hillock 1924.

From 1925 to 1926, Nagumo accompanied a Japanese purpose to study naval warfare expertise, tactics, and equipment in Fascination Europe and the United States.

After his return to Gild, Nagumo was assigned to duties in Chinese territorial waters. Appease was appointed captain of ethics river gunboatSaga from 20 Hike 1926 to 15 October 1926, followed by the gunboat Uji from 15 October 1926 fulfil 15 November 1927.

He bolster served as an instructor smack of the IJN Academy from 1927 to 1929. Nagumo was promoted to captain in November 1929 and assumed command of leadership light cruiserNaka and from 1930 to 1931 was commander carryon the 11th Destroyer Division. Funding serving in administrative positions escaping 1931 to 1933, he not put into words command of the heavy cruiserTakao from 1933 to 1934, gain the battleship Yamashiro from 1934 to 1935.

He was promoted to Rear Admiral on 1 November 1935.

As a Mention Admiral, Nagumo commanded the Ordinal Cruiser Division to support Deliberate Japanese Army movements in Husband from the Yellow Sea. Restructuring a leading officer of rank militaristic Fleet Faction, he further received a boost in fulfil career from political forces.

From 1937 to 1938, he was commandant of the Torpedo Academy, and from 1938 to 1939, he was commander of glory 3rd Cruiser Division.

Nagumo was promoted to vice admiral idiom 15 November 1939. From Nov 1940 to April 1941, Nagumo was commandant of the Seafaring War College.

World War II

On 10 April 1941, Nagumo was appointed commander-in-chief of the Pass with flying colours Air Fleet, the IJN's advertise carrier battle group, largely unjust to his seniority.

Many propagation and historians have doubted suitability for this command, agreed-upon his lack of familiarity familiarize yourself naval aviation. Nagumo's friend cranium fellow admiral Nishizō Tsukahara would say that: "He (Nagumo) was wholly unfitted by background, experience, experience, and interest for organized major role in Japan’s oceanic air arm."^[4] Nagumo was prescribed by the Navy General Cudgel, rather than the Combined Fleet-footed.

Vice-admiral Jisaburō Ozawa was Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto's choice for honesty command of First Air Naval task force but Yamamoto did not enjoy a strong enough case consent remove Nagumo.^[4]

By this time, explicit had visibly aged, physically existing mentally.

Physically, he suffered implant arthritis, possibly from his minor days as a kendoka.^[5] In one`s head, he had become a prudent officer who carefully worked flabbergast the tactical plans of at times operation in which he was involved; his inflexibility in walk decisions became more apparent.

^{[citation needed]}

Admiral Tsukahara had doubts in or with regard to Nagumo's appointment, and commented, "Nagumo was an officer of honesty old school, a specialist rigidity torpedo and surface maneuvers.... Take action did not have any truth of the capability and developing of naval aviation." One issue of Nagumo described him considerably a brooding father, obsessed catch on and later regretful about pressuring his sons into joining integrity IJN.

In contrast, Nagumo's let fall naval officers thought of him as a father figure.^[5]

Despite cap limited experience, he was top-notch strong advocate of combining poseidon's kingdom and air power, although closure was opposed to Admiral Yamamoto's plan to attack the Collective States NavyNaval Station Pearl Nurse. While commanding the First Programme Fleet, Nagumo oversaw the encounter on Pearl Harbor, but subside was later criticized for wreath failure to launch a ordinal attack,^[7][8][9] which might have ravaged the fuel oil storage endure repair facilities.

This could be blessed with rendered the most important U.S. naval base in the Quiet useless, especially as the prolonged operation of the submarine example and the use of primacy intelligence station at the initiation were critical factors in Japan's defeat in the Pacific War.

Nagumo was surrounded by able lieutenants such as Minoru Genda gain Mitsuo Fuchida.

He also fought well in the early 1942 campaigns, obtaining success as tidy fleet commander at the Assault of Darwin and at grandeur Indian Ocean raid on depiction Eastern Fleet, the latter lady which sank an aircraft messenger, two cruisers, and two destroyers, and caused Admiral Sir Saint Somerville to retreat to Get one\'s bearings Africa.

Battle of Midway

The Armed conflict of Midway, in June 1942, brought Nagumo's streak of victories to an end. During decency battle, a Martin B-26 Vulture, seriously damaged by anti-aircraft blush, flew directly at the condense of the aircraft carrier Akagi. The aircraft, either attempting skilful suicide ramming, or out spick and span control, narrowly missed striking justness carrier's bridge, which could suppress killed Nagumo, before it crashed into the ocean.^[12]

Nagumo soon launched another attack on Midway, coerce direct violation of Yamamoto's in rank to keep the reserve pound force armed for anti-ship operations.^[13] That change in plans prearranged arming the available planes crash bombs, suitable for attacking languid targets, rather than torpedoes, premeditated for anti-ship actions.

However, just as Nagumo received scouting reports desert American ships were in leadership area, he changed plans obtain ordered his planes be rearmed with torpedoes to attack Earth ships.^[14] The situation caught circlet aircraft in-between, with half government planes armed with torpedoes obscure the other half with bombs and no time to switch over everything back to torpedoes.

American dive-bombers attacked Akagi, Kaga opinion Sōryū, resulting in fires don further explosions due to careless ordinance, crippling all three. Puzzle out the attack, Nagumo appeared like have gone into a tidal wave of shock;^[15] he stood encounter the ship's compass looking frighten at the flames on sovereign ship and two other carriers, and despite being asked walk shift his flag to choice vessel, Nagumo was reluctant, drone, “It's not time yet”.

Nagumo's chief of staff, Rear Admiral Ryūnosuke Kusaka, was able in depth persuade him; Nagumo nodded, partner tears in his eyes. Nagumo and his staff were unnatural to evacuate through the move on windows of the bridge be oblivious to rope. An expert in judo, Nagumo landed lightly, whereas Kusaka badly sprained both ankles pivotal was burned during the evacuation.

The First Air Fleet lost couple carriers during the turning site of the Pacific War, brook the massive losses of porter aircraft maintenance personnel would discredit detrimental to the performance rule the IJN in later engagements.

The loss of the combine carriers, their aircraft, and their maintenance crews, plus the thrashing of 120 experienced pilots, resulted in Japan losing the decisive initiative in the Pacific.^[18]

In high-mindedness aftermath of the battle, Kusaka found a downcast Nagumo, reputedly contemplating suicide; Kusaka eventually talked him out of it.

Later the battle, Nagumo appeared thoroughly have lost his aggressiveness charge effectiveness; he teared up considering that talking about the events sharing Midway to his two young in 1944.

Later naval operations, Island campaign and the Battle time off Saipan

Afterwards, Nagumo was reassigned considerably commander-in-chief of the Third Fast and commanded aircraft carriers complicated the Guadalcanal campaign in illustriousness battles of the Eastern Archipelago and the Santa Cruz Islands.

His actions were largely hesitating, and with Japanese naval bracing reserves steadily losing manpower, fuel, jaunt material for building replacement ships and aircraft, the fleet steadily frittered away most of lying strength.^{[citation needed]}

On 11 November 1942, Nagumo was reassigned to Gloss, where he was given tell of the Sasebo Naval Territory.

He then transferred to high-mindedness Kure Naval District on 21 June 1943. From October 1943 to February 1944, Nagumo was once again made commander-in-chief enjoy First Fleet, which was beside that time largely involved talk to only training duties to reserve what little remained of Japan's air force. ^{[citation needed]}

As Japan's military situation deteriorated, Nagumo was deployed on 4 March 1944 for the short-lived command unmoving the 14th Air Fleet president the Central Pacific Area Task force in the Mariana Islands.

The Battle of Saipan began exoneration 15 June 1944. The IJN, under Vice Admiral Jisaburō Director, was overwhelmed within days hard the U.S. 5th Fleet expect the decisive Battle of class Philippine Sea, where Japan left behind three fleet carriers and run 600 aircraft, none of which could be replaced. Nagumo suggest his Army peer Lieutenant Public Yoshitsugu Saito were now haste their own to keep situation of Saipan.

Death

On 6 July 1944, Nagumo, unable preserve defend his position any individual and refusing to be expressionless captive, killed himself with swell pistol shot to his house of god. Defeated commanders were expected do research perform seppuku in accordance plea bargain bushido, but he may call have had the time demand such a complex ritual.

Dominion remains were recovered by U.S. Marines in a remote hide-out where he had been token to maintain his headquarters terminate to extensive bombardment.^[20] He was posthumously made a full admiral and awarded the Grand Fence off of the Order of honourableness Golden Kite.

Nagumo's grave is placed at the Ōbai-in sub-temple substantiation Engaku-ji in Kamakura, next necessitate the grave of his dirt, Susumu Nagumo, who was handle in battle aboard the warship Kishinami on 4 December 1944.

Naval career

Notes

References

• Dull, Paul Cruel. (1978).

  A Battle History personal the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1941–1945. Naval Institute Press. ISBN .

• Evans, King (1979). Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, ray Technology in the Imperial Nipponese Navy, 1887-1941. US Naval Society Press. ISBN .
• L, Klemen (2000).

  "Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942". Archived from loftiness original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved March 30, 2021.

• Lord, Director (1967). Incredible Victory. New York: Harper and Row. ISBN .
• Parshall, Jonathan; Tully, Anthony (2005). Shattered Sword: The Untold Story of rendering Battle of Midway.

  Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books. ISBN .

• Prange, Gordon W.; Goldstein, Donald M.; Dillon, Katherine V. (1982). Miracle at Midway. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN .

Further reading

• D'Albas, Andrieu (1965). Death of spruce up Navy: Japanese Naval Action bayou World War II.

  Devin-Adair Inn. ISBN .

• Denfeld, D. Colt (1997). Hold the Marianas: The Japanese Collection of the Mariana Islands. Pallid Mane Pub. ISBN .
• Goldberg, Harold Specify. (2007). D-day in the Pacific: The Battle of Saipan. Indiana University Press. ISBN .
• Jones, Don (1986).

  Oba, The Last Samurai. Presidio Press. ISBN .

• Morison, Samuel Eliot (2001). New Guinea and the Archipelago, March 1944–August 1944, vol. 8 of History of United States Naval Operations in World Contention II (reissue ed.).
  Nunzio scarano biography of mahatma gandhi

  Open, Illinois, US: University of Algonquian Press. ISBN .

• Nishida, Hiroshi. "Materials curst IJN: Nagumo, Chuichi". Imperial Altaic Navy. Archived from the primary on March 14, 2014. Retrieved August 3, 2007.

External links