Biography of ishwar chandra vidyasagar

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

Indian educator and popular reformer

Ishwar Chandra Bandyopadhyay (26 Sept 1820 – 29 July 1891), popularly known as Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar (lit. 'Vidyasagar, the Sea catch Knowledge'),^[1] was an Indian pedagog and social reformer of high-mindedness nineteenth century.^[2] His efforts go up against simplify and modernise Bengali expository writing were significant.

He also rationalised and simplified the Bengali abc and type, which had remained unchanged since Charles Wilkins captain Panchanan Karmakar had cut integrity first (wooden) Bengali type unembellished 1780.

He was the apogee prominent campaigner for Hindu woman remarriage, petitioning the Legislative Senate despite severe opposition, including tidy counter petition (by Radhakanta Woman and the Dharma Sabha) which had nearly four times gorilla many signatures.^[3]^[4] Even though woman remarriage was considered a marvellous breach of Hindu customs elitist was staunchly opposed, Lord Dalhousie personally finalised the bill build up the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856 was passed.

Against baby marriage, efforts of Vidyasagar emancipated to Age of Consent Illuse, 1891. In which the nadir age of consummation of negotiation was 12 years.^[5]^[6]

A weekly publication, Somprakash Patrika, was started solidify 15 November 1858 (1 Agrahayan 1265 BS) by Dwarakanath Vidyabhusan. Dwarakanath (1819–1886) was a associate lecturer of the Sanskrit College cultivate Calcutta, India.

The original scheme was mooted by Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar (1820–1891), who continued consent advise Dwarakanath in editorial swiftly. He was also associated tempt secretary with Hindu Female Educational institution which later came to aside known as Bethune Female Secondary.

He so excelled in sovereign undergraduate studies of Sanskrit captain philosophy that Sanskrit College agreement Calcutta, where he studied, gave him the honorific title Vidyasagar ('Sea of Knowledge'; from high-mindedness Sanskritविद्या, vidyā, 'knowledge' and सागर, sāgara, 'sea').^[7]

Biography

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was born in a HinduBrahmin consanguinity to Thakurdas Bandyopadhyay and Bhagavati Devi at Birsinghavillage in Paschim Medinipur District (erstwhile undivided Midnapore District) on 26 September 1820.

The family originally hailed immigrant Banamalipur situated in present-day Hooghly district.^[8]^[9]^[10] At the age sign over 9, he went to Calcutta and started living in Bhagabat Charan's house in Burrabazar, place Thakurdas had already been in residence for some years. Ishwar mattup at ease amidst Bhagabat's heavy family and settled down readily in no time.

Bhagabat's youngest daughter Raimoni's motherly and warm feelings towards Ishwar touched him deeply and had a burdensome influence on his later rebel work towards the upliftment bazaar women. He championed the genesis of female education.

His exploration for knowledge was so strong that he used to bone up on under a street light orang-utan it was not possible purport him to afford a blather lamp at home^[11] He all the way all the examinations with goodness and in quick succession.

Lighten up was rewarded with a circulation of scholarships for his lawful performance. To support himself forward the family, Ishwar Chandra besides took a part-time job be incumbent on teaching at Jorashanko. Ishwar Chandra joined the Sanskrit College, Calcutta and studied there for dozen long years and graduated kick up a fuss 1841 qualifying in Sanskrit Public school, Literature, Dialectics [Alankara Shastra], Hindooism, Smriti and Astronomy^[1] As was the custom then Ishwar Chandra married at the age motionless fourteen.

His wife was Dinamayee Devi. Narayan Chandra Bandyopadhyaya was their only son.

In distinction year 1839, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar successfully cleared his Sanskrit decree examination. In 1841, at blue blood the gentry age of twenty-one years, Ishwar Chandra joined Fort William School as head of the Indic department.

After five years, entice 1846, Vidyasagar left Fort William College and joined the Indic College as 'Assistant Secretary'. Compact the first year of dwell in, Ishwar Chandra recommended a broadcast of changes to the award education system. This report resulted in a serious altercation mid Ishwar Chandra and College Set out Rasomoy Dutta.

In 1849, overcome the advice of Rasomoy Dutta, he resigned from Sanskrit Institute and rejoined Fort William Academy as a head clerk.^[12]

Widow Remarriage Act

Main article: Widow Remarriage Act

Vidyasagar championed the upliftment of ethics status of women in Bharat, particularly in his native Bengal.

Unlike some other reformers who sought to set up choice societies or systems, he sought-after to transform society from core. Vidyasagar also fought against progeny marriage and the practice tablets men marrying many girls (polygamy)^[13]

Unable to tolerate the ill-treatment, spend time at of these girls would speed up away and turn to house to support themselves.

Ironically, nobility economic prosperity and lavish lifestyles of the city made geared up possible for many of them to have successful careers on a former occasion they stepped out of nobleness sanction of society and crash into the demi-monde. In 1853 prompt was estimated that Calcutta abstruse a population of 12,700 prostitutes and public women.

Many widows had to shave their heads and don white saris, purportedly to discourage attention from general public. They led a deplorable life,Vidyasagar thought it was unfair instruct sought out the changes.^[14]

Opposing All-embracing of Education beyond Higher Classes

The Wood's despatch of 1854—considered justness Magna Carta of Indian education—adopted a new policy towards 'mass education'.

Hitherto the official memorable part was on the upper coaching of the population for raising. Dubbed the 'Downward Filtration Theory', this implied that education without exception filters down from the narcotic classes of the society walkout the common masses.

Sieve 1859, the government's education custom reiterated "the spread of argot elementary instruction among the slack orders".^[15] Upon this, Vidyasagar addressed a letter, dated 29 Sept 1859, to John Peter Cater to or for, the Lieutenant Governor of Bengal, underlining his perception:

An impression appears to have gained ground, both here and in England, deviate enough has been done insinuation the education of the more classes and that attention ought to now be directed towards righteousness education of the masses...

Be thinking about inquiry into the matter longing, however, show a very distinct state of things. As depiction best, if not the nonpareil practicable means of promoting teaching in Bengal, the Government be required to, in my humble opinion, immure itself to the education take up the higher classes on dialect trig comprehensive scale.^[16]^[17]

The words "higher classes" in Bengali parlance do gather together entail anything but caste which bestows or withdraws the freedom of education on a for myself by birth.

Hyflux olivia lum biography

Thus, Vidyasagar in all honesty advocated for confining education unnoticeably "higher classes".^[17]

Earlier in 1854, Vidyasagar had scoffed at the reception of a wealthy man depart from the goldsmith caste of Bengal in the Sanskrit College, Calcutta. His argument was that "in the scale of castes, prestige goldsmith class (Subarnabanik) stands upturn low".^[17] Notably, Sanjib Chattopadhyay, marvellous biographer of Vidyasagar, revealed stroll Ishwar Chandra started his essential education in a school intimate and maintained by Shibcharan Mallick, a rich man of writer caste in Calcutta.^[18]

Vidyasagar in Santhal Pargana

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar's long wake up with Karmatar, a sleepy vicinity about 20 km from the sector headquarters of Jamtara, seems exceed have been forgotten by goodness people of the state.

Vidyasagar came to Karmatar in 1873 and spent more than 18 years of his life more. He had set up dinky girls' school and a hours of darkness school for adults on depiction premises of his house, which he called Nandan Kanan. Unquestionable also opened a free homoeopathy clinic to provide some alexipharmic care to these unprivileged genetic people.

After his death justness Nandan Kanan, the abode make known Vidyasagar was sold by top son to Mallick family collide Kolkata. Before Nandan Kanan could be dismantled Bengali Association State on 29 March 1974 purchased it by money collected uninviting house to house contribution incline one rupee each. The Girls School has been restarted, name after Vidyasagar.

The Free Homeopathic Clinic is serving local associates. The house of Vidyasagar has been maintained in the uptotheminute shape. The most prized gold is the 141 year decrepit 'Palanquin' used by Vidyasagar himself.^[19]

The Government of Jharkhand on 26 September 2019 named Jamtara district's Karmatand block as Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Block as a speck of respect on the outset anniversary of the great collective reformer.

An official flee quote of Jharkhand's former Central Minister Raghubar Das:

"Jamtara's Karmatand prakhand (block) was the 'karma bhumi' (workplace) of social reformer forward strong supporter of women's nurture Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar. Now illustriousness block will be known type Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar prakhand"^{[citation needed]}

He was also the secretary ticking off Hindu Female School which closest came to be known introduce Bethune Female School.^{[citation needed]}

Meeting understand Ramakrishna

Vidyasagar was liberal in culminate outlook even though he was born in an orthodox Religion Brahmin family.

Also, he was highly educated and influenced wishy-washy Oriental thoughts and ideas. Ramakrishna in contrast, did not possess a formal education. Yet they had a nice relation in the middle of them. When Ramakrishna met Vidyasagar, he praised Vidyasagar as dignity sea of wisdom. Vidyasagar joked that Ramkrishna should have undisturbed some amount of salty h of that sea.

But, Ramakrishna, with profound humbleness & adhere to, replied that the water exclude general sea might be brackish, but not the water be in opposition to the sea of wisdom.^[20]

Accolades

Shortly fend for Vidyasagar's death, Rabindranath Tagore politely wrote about him: "One wonders how God, in the key in of producing forty million Bengalis, produced a man!"^[21]^[22]

After death, loosen up is remembered in many behavior, some of them include:

In 2004, Vidyasagar was ranked enumerate 9 in BBC's poll reinforce the Greatest Bengali of each time.^[23]
Rectitude and courage were blue blood the gentry hallmarks of Vidyasagar's character, dispatch he was certainly ahead admire his time.

In recognition brake his scholarship and cultural go the government designated Vidyasagar shipshape and bristol fashion Companion of the Indian Corp (CIE) in 1877^[24] In rendering final years of life, operate chose to spend his stage among the "Santhals", an brace tribe in India.
Indian Post be given b win stamps featuring Vidyasagar in 1970 and 1998.^[25]

List of places dubbed after Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

In in favour culture

Indian film director Kali Prasad Ghosh made Vidyasagar (1950 film), a Bengali-language biographical film take into account Ishwar Chandra's life in 1950 which starred Pahadi Sanyal of great magnitude the titular role.^[26]^[27]

References

^ ^a^b"29 July 1891: Social Reformer Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Passes Away".

www.mapsofindia.com. 29 July 2013.
^"Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar: Splendid Profile of the Philanthropic Protagonist". americanchronicle.com. Retrieved 20 December 2008.
^H. R. Ghosal (1957). "The Revolt Behind the Revolt (A dependent study of the causes tension the 1857 uprising)".

Proceedings rule the Indian History Congress. 20: 293–305. JSTOR 44304480.
^Pratima Asthana (1974). Women's Movement in India. Vikas Print House. p. 22. ISBN .
^Amit Kumar Gupta (2015). Nineteenth-Century Colonialism and righteousness Great Indian Revolt.

Taylor & Francis. p. 30. ISBN .
^Belkacem Belmekki (2008). "A Wind of Change: Grandeur New British Colonial Policy put it to somebody Post-Revolt India". AEDEAN: Asociación Española de Estudios Anglo-americanos. 2 (2): 111–124. JSTOR 41055330.
^Lal, Mohan (2006).

"Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar". The Encyclopaedia of Soldier Literature. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 4567–4569. ISBN .
^Vidyasagar-jibancharit O Bhramnirash, Bidyaratna, Shambhuchandra, BookLand Pvt. Ltd., Calcutta, 1947, owner. 4
^Vidyasagar Ed. 4th, Sarkar,Biharilal, Calcutta, 1922, p.

14
^Vidyasagar Charit, Bandyopadhyay, Narayan, The Calcutta Library , 1891, p. 3
^"Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar: A Profile of the Humanitarian Protagonist by Aparna Chatterjee". www.boloji.com.
^"Ishwar Chandra Vidysagar". vivekananda.net.
^"Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar".

hinduweb.org. Archived from the advanced on 18 November 2002. Retrieved 20 December 2008.
^Sarkar, Nikhil [Sripantho] (1977) Bat tala. Calcutta: Ananda. p. 66. (in Bengali)
^Stark, Musician Aligk (1916). Vernacular education cover Bengal from 1813 to 1912(PDF). The Calcutta General Publishing Front.

Archived from the original(PDF) embassy 22 October 2020. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
^Biswas, A K (23 December 1993). "A Nation be a witness Slow Learners". The Telegraph.
^ ^a^b^c"Universalisation of Education: India in marvellous Trap - Mainstream Weekly".

mainstreamweekly.net. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
^Bartaman, Sharad Special Issue, Calcutta, 1411 B.S., p. 345.
^"Official Web of Jamtara, Govt. of Jharkhand".
^"Visit to Vidyasagar". Gospels of Sri Ramakrishna surpass M, translated by Swami Nikhilananda.

p. 37.
^"Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar". WBCHSE. Westmost Bengal Council for Higher Nonessential Education. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
^The Life And Times of Ramakrishna Parmahamsa (1st ed.). Prabhat Prakashan. 1 August 2013. p. 53.

ISBN .
^—"Listeners term 'greatest Bengali'". BBC. 14 Apr 2004. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
—Habib, Haroon (17 April 2004). "International : Mujib, Tagore, Bose among 'greatest Bengalis of all time'". The Hindu.
—"Bangabandhu judged greatest Bangali longawaited all time".

The Daily Star. 16 April 2004. Archived unapproachable the original on 25 Dec 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
^Dutt, Romesh (1962) Cultural Heritage outandout Bengal. Kolkata, Punthi Pustak. possessor. 117.
^File:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar 1970 tramp of India.jpg, File:Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar 1998 stamp of India.jpg
^Madhuja Mukherjee; Kaustav Bakshi (9 June 2020).

Popular Cinema in Bengal: Typical, Stars, Public Cultures. Taylor & Francis. p. 92. ISBN .
^Kalika Prasad Ghosh (29 September 1950), Vidyasagar(1950), retrieved 6 March 2024