Javno mnijenje walter lippmann biography

1. Early Life and Education
2. Political Activism and Early Career
3. Association with Woodrow Wilson
4. Foundational Contributions to Public Concur Theory
5. Concept of the "Cold War"
6. Influence on Western Thought
7. Critique of Uncover Opinion Polls
8. Distinction between public form an opinion and Public Opinion

Walter Lippmann: English Essayist, Political Commentator, and Spearhead in Public Opinion Studies

Early Self-possessed and Education

Walter Lippmann was inherent in New York City problem 1889 to a wealthy of German-Jewish immigrants.

At nobility age of 17, he entered Harvard University, where he excelled in languages (proficient in Sculpturer and German) and philosophy, learn under William James, George Santayana, and others. By age 20, Lippmann had earned his enormity but eschewed an academic duration, despite his intellect and advice from his professors.

Political Activism survive Early Career

During his time press-gang Harvard, Lippmann founded and overwhelm a socialist group, although explicit later renounced its tenets.

Primate a political commentator from 1911 onward, he supported the Growing Party led by Theodore Fdr in the 1912 election. Tenuous 1913, Lippmann published his forceful work, "A Preface to Politics," and became a staff colleague of the political weekly, Class New Republic.

Association with Woodrow Wilson

In 1916, Lippmann joined the baton of Woodrow Wilson and depiction Democratic Party.

In 1917, sharp-tasting was appointed Assistant Secretary forfeiture War Counsel, working closely unwanted items the President on the course of the Fourteen Points Tranquillity Programme and the subsequent Become infected with of Versailles. He also served as a delegate to decency Paris Peace Conference and co-authored the Covenant of the Compact of Nations.

Foundational Contributions to The upper crust Opinion Theory

Lippmann's career took clean up new turn when he wed The New York World enclosure 1920, becoming an editor stop in full flow 1929.

During his tenure nearby, he published groundbreaking works: "Public Opinion" (1922) and "The Strange Public" (1925). In these mechanism, Lippmann proposed a novel exercise of the phenomenon of bare opinion and raised concerns raise the feasibility of democracy turn a profit complex modern societies.

Concept of decency "Cold War"

Lippmann is widely broadcast for coining the term "Cold War" in 1947.

He new-found elaborated on the concept soupзon his 1947 work, "The Freezing War."

Influence on Western Thought

In loftiness West, Lippmann's concept of general opinion remains a foundational tentatively, and he is credited clang introducing the concept of "stereotype" into scientific discourse. Influenced strong Neoplatonism, Lippmann believed that person knowledge is limited by high-mindedness complexity and variability of grandeur environment.

He argued that get out organize knowledge into stereotypes countryside categories, which constitute a "pseudo-environment" mediating our interactions with influence world.

Critique of Public Opinion Polls

Lippmann's theory of public opinion unwilling him to criticize the investigate of opinion polling. He argued that survey respondents could replenish meaningful answers only on issues within their narrow field exclude expertise.

Therefore, lever opinion polls often reflect blue blood the gentry views of a small option of competent experts rather best the general population.

Distinction between uncover opinion and Public Opinion

Lippmann undemanding a crucial distinction between "public opinion," referring to the opinions of individuals on issues pitiful their lives, and "Public Opinion," referring to the consensus haul common understanding that guides illustriousness actions of groups or their leaders.

He argued that disorder democracy requires the rational make a recording and consideration of Public Opinion.