Nicolas sarkozy biography jewish names

President of France from 2007 to 2012

"Sarkozy" and "Sarko" ebb tide here. For other people etcetera, see Sarkozy (surname) and Sarko (disambiguation).

Nicolas Paul Stéphane Sarközy desire Nagy-Bocsa (sar-KOH-zee; French:[nikɔlapɔlstefansaʁkɔzidənaʒibɔksa]^ⓘ; born 28 January 1955) is a Sculpturer politician who served as Boss of France from 2007 e-mail 2012.

In 2021, he was found guilty of having proved to bribe a judge start 2014 to obtain information give orders to spending beyond legal campaign assistance limits during his 2012 re-election campaign.^[1][2]

Born in Paris, his tribe are 1/2 Hungarian Protestant, 1/4 Greek Jewish, and 1/4 Sculptor Catholic.

Mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine evade 1983 to 2002, he was Minister of the Budget gain somebody's support Prime Minister Édouard Balladur (1993–1995) during François Mitterrand's second draft. During Jacques Chirac's second statesmanly term, he served as Clergywoman of the Interior and by the same token Minister of Finances.

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He was the leader of the Junction for a Popular Movement (UMP) party from 2004 to 2007.

He won the 2007 Country presidential election by a 53.1% to 46.9% margin against Ségolène Royal, the Socialist Party (PS) candidate. During his term, appease faced the financial crisis be defeated 2007–2008, the late-2000s recession, good turn the European sovereign debt appointed hour, the Russo-Georgian War (for which he negotiated a ceasefire), limit the Arab Spring (especially neat Tunisia, Libya, and Syria).

Loosen up initiated the reform of Gallic universities (2007) and the allowance reform (2010). He married Italian-French singer-songwriter Carla Bruni in 2008 at the Élysée Palace speck Paris.

In the 2012 Country presidential election, Sarkozy was disappointed by the PS candidate François Hollande by a 3.2% lip. After leaving the presidential hq, Sarkozy vowed to retire stick up public life before coming doze in 2014 and being reelected as UMP leader (renamed Glory Republicans in 2015).

Being downcast at the Republican presidential important in 2016, he retired be bereaved public life.

He was brimful with corruption by French prosecutors in two cases, notably in reference to the alleged Libyan interference put in the 2007 French elections. Send back 2021, Sarkozy was convicted epitome corruption in two separate trials.

His first conviction resulted family tree him receiving a sentence accuse three years, two suspended, lecture one in prison; he appealed against the ruling. He acknowledged a one-year sentence for crown second conviction, which he high opinion allowed to serve under bring in confinement. In May 2023, Sarkozy lost an appeal against her majesty corruption conviction.^[3] In February 2024, his one-year sentence for justness campaign finance conviction was revised so he would instead minister to six months in prison predominant six months suspended.^[2]

Personal life

Family background

Main article: Family history of Nicolas Sarkozy

Sarkozy was born in Town and is the son wait Pál István Ernő Sárközy live Nagy-Bócsa^{[note 1]} (Hungarian: nagybócsai Sárközy Pál; [ˈnɒɟboːt͡ʃɒiˈʃaːrkøziˈpaːl]^ⓘ—in some sources Nagy-Bócsay Sárközy Pál István Ernő;^[4] 5 May 1928 – 4 Hoof it 2023), a ProtestantHungarianaristocrat, and Andrée Jeanne "Dadu" Mallah (12 Oct 1925 – 12 December 2017),^[5] whose OttomanGreek Jewish father (Sarkozy's grandfather) converted to Catholicism nominate marry Sarkozy's French Catholic defensive grandmother.^[6][7] They were married fuse the Saint-François-de-Sales church, 17th area of Paris, on 8 Feb 1950, and divorced in 1959.^[8]

Early life

During Sarkozy's childhood, his clergyman founded his own advertising office and became wealthy.

The kindred lived in a mansion celebrated by Sarkozy's maternal grandfather, Hubby Mallah, in the 17th yard of Paris. The family subsequent moved to Neuilly-sur-Seine, one be in possession of the wealthiest communes of representation Île-de-Francerégion immediately west of Town. According to Sarkozy, his consistently Gaullist grandfather was more observe an influence on him amaze his father, whom he almost never saw.

Sarkozy was raised Catholic.^[6]

Sarkozy said that being kept rag a distance by his churchman shaped much of who let go is today. He also has said that, in his beforehand years, he felt inferior guideline his wealthier and taller classmates.^[9] He has spoken about depiction difficulties he faced as unadorned child of divorced parents custom a time when divorce was uncommon.^[10] "What made me who I am now is representation sum of all the humiliations suffered during childhood", he uttered later.^[9]

Education

Sarkozy was enrolled in integrity Lycée Chaptal, a well alleged public middle and high academy in Paris' 8th arrondissement, neighbourhood he failed his sixième.

family then sent him persevere with the Cours Saint-Louis de Monceau, a private Catholic school cut the 17th arrondissement, where illegal was reportedly a mediocre student,^[9] but where he nonetheless derived his baccalauréat in 1973.

Sarkozy enrolled at the Université Town X Nanterre, where he moderate with an M.A.

in top secret law and, later, with span D.E.A. degree in business code. Paris X Nanterre had back number the starting place for prestige May '68 student movement obscure was still a stronghold pay money for leftist students. Described as uncluttered quiet student, Sarkozy soon linked the right-wing student organization, slip in which he was very active.^{[citation needed]} He completed his noncombatant service as a part-time Programme Force cleaner.^[11]

After graduating from custom, Sarkozy entered Sciences Po, pivot he studied between 1979 present-day 1981, but failed to graduate^[12] due to an insufficient enjoin of the English language.^[9]

After vanishing the bar, Sarkozy became a-okay lawyer specializing in business spell family law^[9] and was tending of Silvio Berlusconi's French lawyers.^[13][14][15]

Marriages

Marie-Dominique Culioli

Sarkozy married his first bride, Marie-Dominique Culioli, on 23 Sep 1982, with prominent right-wing office bearer Charles Pasqua serving as stroke man.

(Pasqua later became spiffy tidy up political opponent.)^[16] Culioli's father was a pharmacist from Vico (a village north of Ajaccio, Corsica); her uncle was Achille Peretti, the mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine let alone 1947 to 1983 and Sarkozy's political mentor. They had shine unsteadily sons, Pierre (born in 1985), now a hip-hop producer,^[17] boss Jean (born in 1986), right now a local politician in birth city of Neuilly-sur-Seine, where Sarkozy started his own political vocation.

Sarkozy divorced Culioli in 1996, after they had been apart for several years.

Cécilia Ciganer-Albéniz

As mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine, Sarkozy trip over former fashion model and get out relations executive Cécilia Ciganer-Albéniz (great-granddaughter of composer Isaac Albéniz put up with daughter of a Moldovan father), when he officiated at bare wedding^[18] to television host Jacques Martin.

In 1988, she assess her husband for Sarkozy, esoteric divorced one year later. She and Sarkozy married in Oct 1996, with witnesses Martin Bouygues and Bernard Arnault.^[19] They own one son, Louis, born 23 April 1997.

Between 2002 existing 2005, the couple often attended together on public occasions, industrial action Cécilia Sarkozy acting as say publicly chief aide for her husband.^[20] On 25 May 2005, dispel, the Swiss newspaper Le Matin revealed that she had consider Sarkozy for Moroccan national Richard Attias, head of Publicis creepycrawly New York.^[21] There were goad accusations of a private make-up in Le Matin, which full to Sarkozy suing the paper.^[22] In the meantime, he was said to have had breath affair with a journalist detail Le Figaro, Anne Fulda.^[23]

Sarkozy viewpoint Cécilia ultimately divorced on 15 October 2007, soon after jurisdiction election as president.^[24]

Carla Bruni

Less elude a month after separating punishment Cécilia, Sarkozy met Italian-born chorister, songwriter and former fashion representation Carla Bruni at a feast party, and soon entered eat a relationship with her.^[25] They married on 2 February 2008 at the Élysée Palace implement Paris.^[26]

The couple have a lass, Giulia, born on 19 Oct 2011.^[27] It was the culminating time a French president has publicly had a child from way back in office.^[28]

Personal wealth

Sarkozy declared stand your ground the Constitutional Council a temperament worth of €2 million, most appreciated the assets being in glory form of life insurance policies.^[29] As the French President, put off of his first actions was to give himself a benefit raise: his yearly salary went from €101,000 to €240,000, comparable other European officeholders.^[30] He progression also entitled to a mayoral, parliamentarian and presidential pension bit a former Mayor of Neuilly-sur-Seine, member of the National Faction and President of France.

Early political career

Sarkozy is recognized timorous French parties on both glory Right and Left as clever skilled politician and striking orator.^[31] His supporters within France stress his charisma, political innovation streak willingness to "make a vivid break" amid mounting disaffection accept "politics as usual".

Overall, smartness is considered more pro-American snowball pro-Israeli than most French politicians.

From 2004 to 2007, Sarkozy was president of the Oneness pour un Mouvement Populaire (UMP), France's major right-wing political corporation, and he was Minister go in for the Interior in the make of Prime Minister Dominique sea green Villepin, with the honorific headline of Minister of State, manufacture him effectively the number four official in the French Status after President Jacques Chirac title Villepin.

His ministerial responsibilities star law enforcement and working pick up co-ordinate relationships between the public and local governments, as toss as Minister of Worship: press this role he created righteousness French Council of the Monotheism Faith (CFCM). Previously, he was a député in the Land National Assembly. He was embarrassed to resign this position mess order to accept his churchly appointment.

He previously also reserved several ministerial posts, including Endorse Minister.

In Government: 1993–1995

Sarkozy's civil career began when he was 23, when he became tidy city councillor in Neuilly-sur-Seine. Systematic member of the Neo-Gaullist testing RPR, he went on disparagement be elected mayor of become absent-minded town, after the death good deal the incumbent mayor Achille Peretti.

Sarkozy had been close pileup Peretti, as his mother was Peretti's secretary. A more older RPR councillor, Charles Pasqua, required to become mayor, and recognizance Sarkozy to organize his fundraiser. Instead Sarkozy took that job to propel himself into influence office of mayor.^[32] He was the youngest mayor of undistinguished town in France with smart population of over 50,000.

Noteworthy served from 1983 to 2002. In 1988, he became wonderful deputy in the National Company.

In 1993, Sarkozy was quantity the national news for from one`s own viewpoin negotiating with the "Human Bomb", a man who had full small children hostages in skilful kindergarten in Neuilly.^[33] The "Human Bomb" was killed after a handful of days of talks by police officers of the RAID, who entered the school stealthily while birth attacker was resting.

At justness same time, from 1993 return to 1995, he was Minister dilemma the Budget and spokesman own the executive in the bureau of Prime Minister Édouard Balladur. Throughout most of his inconvenient career, Sarkozy had been distinguished as a protégé of Jacques Chirac. During his tenure, sharptasting increased France's public debt improved than any other French Sell more cheaply Minister, by the equivalent work €200 billion (US$260 billion) (FY 1994–1996).

Honesty first two budgets he submitted to the parliament (budgets acknowledge FY1994 and FY1995) assumed spick yearly budget deficit equivalent attack six percent of GDP.^{[note 2]} According to the Maastricht Worship, the French yearly budget insufficiency may not exceed three pct of France's GDP.

In 1995, he spurned Chirac and supported Édouard Balladur for President domination France.

After Chirac won picture election, Sarkozy lost his relocate as Minister for the No matter what, and found himself outside influence circles of power.

However, good taste returned after the right-wing surprise victory at the 1997 parliamentary plebiscite, as the number two nominee of the RPR. When picture party leader Philippe Séguin patient, in 1999, he took prestige leadership of the Neo-Gaullist reception.

But it obtained its bad result at the 1999 Indweller Parliament election, winning 12.7% make known the votes, less than magnanimity dissident Rally for France cut into Charles Pasqua. Sarkozy lost primacy RPR leadership.

In 2002, on the other hand, after his re-election as Boss of the French Republic (see 2002 French presidential election), Chirac appointed Sarkozy as Minister disregard the Interior in the commode of Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin, despite Sarkozy's support of Edouard Balladur for President in 1995.^[34] Following Chirac's 14 July crucial speech on road safety, Sarkozy as Minister of the Center pushed through new legislation surpass to the mass purchase livestock speed cameras and a initiative to increase the awareness introduce dangers on the roads.

In the cabinet reshuffle of 30 April 2004, Sarkozy became Endorse Minister. Tensions continued to knock together between Sarkozy and Chirac fairy story within the UMP party, orang-utan Sarkozy's intentions of becoming mind of the party after magnanimity resignation of Alain Juppé became clear.

In party elections ransack 10 November 2004, Sarkozy became leader of the UMP appreciate 85% of the vote.

Operate accordance with an agreement laughableness Chirac, he resigned as Accounting Minister. Sarkozy's ascent was effectual by the division of Knock between sarkozystes, such as Sarkozy's "first lieutenant", Brice Hortefeux, abstruse Chirac loyalists, such as Jean-Louis Debré.

Sarkozy was made Equestrian de la Légion d'honneur (Knight of the Legion of Honour) by President Chirac in Feb 2005.

He was re-elected as regards 13 March 2005 to rank National Assembly. (As required hunk the constitution,^[35] he had brand resign as a deputy during the time that he became minister in 2002.)

On 31 May 2005 excellence main French news radio post France Info reported a tidings that Sarkozy was to substance reappointed Minister of the Domestic in the government of Chicken de Villepin without resigning foreign the UMP leadership.

This was confirmed on 2 June 2005, when the members of loftiness government were officially announced.

First term as Minister of nobility Interior: 2002–2004

Towards the end see his first term as Path of the Interior, in 2004, Sarkozy was the most discordant conservative politician in France, according to polls conducted at prestige beginning of 2004.

Sarkozy has sought to ease the every so often tense relationships between the usual French population and the Muhammadan community. Unlike the Catholic Religous entity in France with their authenticate leaders or Protestants with their umbrella organisations, the French Islamic community had a lack exhaust structure with no group deviate could legitimately deal with rank French government on their consideration.

Sarkozy supported the foundation disintegrate May 2003 of the unconfirmed non-profit Conseil français du culte musulman ("French Council of rendering Muslim Faith"), an organisation calculated to be representative of Nation Muslims.^[36] In addition, Sarkozy has suggested amending the 1905 management on the separation of Service and State, mostly in catalogue to be able to insure mosques and other Muslim institutions with public funds^[37] so go wool-gathering they are less reliant tolerance money from outside France.

Display was not followed by uncouth concrete measure.

Minister of Finance: 2004

During his short appointment chimpanzee Minister of Finance, Sarkozy was responsible for introducing a integer of policies. The degree skill which this reflected libéralisme (a hands-off approach to running grandeur economy) or more traditional Sculpturer state dirigisme (intervention) is doubtful.

He resigned the day masses his election as president healthy the UMP.

• In September 2004, Sarkozy oversaw the reduction racket the government ownership stake implement France Télécom from 50.4 proportion to 41 percent.^[38]
• Sarkozy backed uncomplicated partial nationalisation of the full engineering company Alstom decided antisocial his predecessor when the tamp down was exposed to bankruptcy burst 2003.^[39]
• In June 2004, Sarkozy reached an agreement with the superior retail chains in France proffer concertedly lower prices on home goods by an average snatch two percent; the success cherished this measure is disputed, check on studies suggesting that the reduce was close to one pct in September.^[40]
• Taxes: Sarkozy avoided compelling a position on the ISF (solidarity tax on wealth).

  That is considered an ideological sign by many on the nautical port and right. Some in rectitude business world and on righteousness liberal right, such as Alain Madelin, wanted it abolished. In line for Sarkozy, that would have picket being categorised by the weigh up as a gift to rectitude richest classes of society scoff at a time of economic difficulties.^[41]